高考英語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)考點講解
2021-09-25 17:42:38高考網(wǎng)整理
高考英語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)考點講解
高頻考點一、一般時態(tài)
例1.(2019·江蘇卷)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ________ in love with the people and culture there.
A.would fall B.had fallen
C.has fallen D.fell
【答案】D
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:史密斯先生到中國幾個月后,就愛上了那里的人民和文化。這里描述過去發(fā)生的事情,應用一般過去時。
【舉一反三】(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A.is given B.a(chǎn)re given
C.was given D.were given
【答案】C
【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:上周Amy和她的兄弟們回到村莊時受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)時間狀語“last week”可知,應用一般過去時;as well as連接兩個并列的主語時,謂語動詞應與前面的主語一致,即與“Amy”一致,故此處應用單數(shù)形式。故選C。
【變式探究】(2018·北京卷)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just________on Monday.
A.start B.have started
C.started D.had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查時態(tài)。——你好,我是彼得。你是新來的嗎?我沒見過你。——你好,彼得。我是鮑勃。我星期一才開始(在這工作)的。根據(jù)語境可知,此處用一般過去時,表示過去某一特定的時間(on Monday)發(fā)生的事。
【變式探究】(2017·江蘇卷)He’s been informed that he________for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A.hasn’t qualified
B.hadn’t qualified
C.doesn’t qualify
D.wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:他已被告知,由于他的學術背景,他沒有獲得獎學金的資格。根據(jù)語境可知,此處描述的是客觀事實,因此使用一般現(xiàn)在時。
高頻考點二 進行時態(tài)
例2.(2018·北京卷)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A.is working B.was working
C.has worked D.had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:蘇珊辭去了她的高薪工作,去年我去拜訪她時,她在社區(qū)作義工。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示過去某段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的事,所以用過去進行時。
【舉一反三】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A.works B.has worked
C.was working D.would work
【答案】C
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:杰克正在實驗室里工作的時候,突然停電了。本句使用了句式結構be doing sth. when...“正在做某事時突然……”,此時前一分句用過去進行時,后一分句用一般過去時。因此選C。
【變式探究】It is said that his parents ________ him to be a high achiever, but he turned out to be a nobody.
A.expect B.were expecting
C.would expect D.have been expecting
【答案】B
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:據(jù)說他的父母一直期望他能大有作為,但結果他成了一個無名小輩。此處表示過去某段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作,應用過去進行時。故選B。
【變式探究】With the Internet so convenient, several million patients in China ________ web-based mobile platforms for solutions to their health-related problems now.
A.turned to B.will turn to
C.a(chǎn)re turning to D.had turned to
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:因特網(wǎng)是如此方便,幾百萬中國病人現(xiàn)在正借助于基于網(wǎng)絡的移動平臺來尋找解決與他們的健康相關的問題的方法。從句意以及時間狀語“now”可看出,此處應用現(xiàn)在進行時,故選C。
高頻考點三 完成時態(tài)
例3.(2019·江蘇卷)The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months.
A.gives B.has given
C.have given D.give
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:這位音樂家和他的樂隊成員在過去的三個月里進行了10場表演。根據(jù)后面的時間狀語in the last three months可知,謂語動詞的時態(tài)應用現(xiàn)在完成時;along with連接兩個名詞作主語時,謂語動詞應與前面的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,故選B項。
【舉一反三】(2019·天津卷)I ________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
A.had hoped B.a(chǎn)m hoping
C.have hoped D.would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:我本來想給彼得送個禮物來祝賀他結婚,但是沒能成功。根據(jù)句意可知,本句中“想送禮物”發(fā)生在“沒成功”之前,屬于“過去的過去”,應用過去完成時。故選A。
【舉一反三】(2018·北京卷)China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A.a(chǎn)re growing B.have grown
C.will grow D.had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:在過去的幾年中,中國的高速鐵路已經(jīng)從9 000 公里增加到25 000公里。根據(jù)句中的in the past few years可知,此處用現(xiàn)在完成時。
【變式探究】The official was shocked by the crash, because the pilot who was killed ________ any trouble.
A.hadn’t reported B.didn’t report
C.wouldn’t report D.hasn’t reported
【答案】A
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:那位官員對這次飛機失事感到震驚,因為飛行員在死亡之前并沒有報告任何故障。從句意看,飛機失事是發(fā)生在過去的事情,而報告故障顯然是飛機失事前發(fā)生的事情,即“過去的過去”,所以用過去完成時。
高頻考點四 其他時態(tài)
例4.Dashan, who ________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
A.will be learning B.is learning
C.had been learning D.has been learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意及定語從句中的時間狀語for decades和主句謂語動詞wants可知,本題使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài),表示從過去某個時間開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作。
【舉一反三】—Where is Peter?I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.
A.wrote B.had written
C.has been writing D.is writing
【答案】C
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:“Peter在哪兒?我到處都找不到他。”“他早飯后去圖書館了,并且從那時起一直在那兒寫他的文章。”由ever since可知,Peter從早飯后一直在圖書館寫文章(說話時應該仍然在寫),故應用現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能持續(xù)下去。故答案為C項。
【變式探究】That woman was a little vague at the time but said something to the effect that she ________ the project within three days.
A.finished B.will finish
C.would finish D.will have finished
【答案】C
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:那位女士當時有點含糊其辭,不過大意是說她會在三天之內(nèi)完成這個項目。根據(jù)句中的“was”“said”以及“within three days”可知,此處表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作,應用過去將來時。故選C。
【變式探究】—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so.He________for it for months.
A.is preparing B.was preparing
C.had been preparing D.has been preparing
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我確信安德魯最終會贏得一等獎。——我也這么認為。他準備了幾個月了。由will可知事情還未發(fā)生,表示安德魯一直在準備著,故選D。