高考英語介詞和代詞考點(diǎn)講解
2021-09-25 17:27:19高考網(wǎng)整理
高考英語介詞和代詞考點(diǎn)講解
高頻考點(diǎn)一、考查介詞辨析
例1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞。句意:——早上好,Lee先生辦公室。——早上好。我想預(yù)約下周三下午(和Mr. Lee見面)。make an appointment for意為“為……預(yù)約”,是固定搭配,故A選項(xiàng)正確。
【變式探究】(2017·北京)Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】B
【解析】許多住在海邊上的人都是靠漁業(yè)來謀生的。此處用介詞in,不用by,因?yàn)閎y后面通常接做什么事情來謀生,此處是指在捕魚這個(gè)行業(yè)里,在這個(gè)行業(yè)里謀生,用in,故選B。
【變式探究】I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ________ a conversation with her.
【答案】on
【解析】句意:我不喜歡她在我工作時(shí)給我打電話——我總是太忙,不能和她進(jìn)行會話。carry on“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,從事”,符合句意。
【變式探究】Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.
A. below B. on C. at D. above
【答案】D
【解析】句意:去年是有紀(jì)錄以來最熱的一年,全球平均氣溫上升0.68度。With 的賓語global temperature ,賓語補(bǔ)足above the average。
高頻考點(diǎn)二、考查介詞短語辨析
例2. (2019·江蘇卷)Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A.in effect B.in command
C.in turn D.in shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意:有利的政策正在有效地鼓勵(lì)員工的職業(yè)發(fā)展。in effect“有效”。
【舉一反三】【2018·江蘇】 China’s soft?power?grows?_______ the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to
C. in return for D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:中國的軟實(shí)力增長與日俱增全球?qū)χ袊馁p識和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;與...一致;B. in reply to答復(fù);C. in return for作為 ... 的報(bào)酬;D. in honour of為紀(jì)念。故選A。
【變式探究】These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
A. in memory of B. in response to
C. in touch with D. in possession of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:這些評論是對某些經(jīng)常被當(dāng)?shù)匦侣勅藛柕降膯栴}的回應(yīng)。A. in memory of 意為紀(jì)念, B. in response to意為回應(yīng),C. in touch with意為聯(lián)系,D. in possession of意為擁有。分析句子成分知道空格處充當(dāng)介詞短語作狀語的作用,根據(jù)常識和句意,評論應(yīng)該是對問題的回應(yīng)。所以答案應(yīng)該是B. in response to回應(yīng)。
高頻考點(diǎn)三、考查介詞或介詞短語的用法
例3、(2019·天津卷)________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A.According to B.Instead of
C.In addition to D.In spite of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意:盡管存在各種問題,但是其中的一些選手還是表現(xiàn)出色。A項(xiàng)意為“根據(jù)”;B項(xiàng)意為“代替”;C項(xiàng)意為“除……以外”;D項(xiàng)意為“盡管”。結(jié)合句意可知,應(yīng)選D。
【舉一反三】【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all
C. above all D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析及語境理解。句意:鮑勃認(rèn)為他不能去參加聚會,因?yàn)樗坏貌粚懸环輬?bào)告,但他終究去了。A. at first起初;B. after all畢竟,終究。C. above all首先;D. at random隨便地。根據(jù)前面的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞可知,與前面情況相反,故選B。
【變式探究】(2017·江蘇)Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of
C. in face of D. in relation to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介詞短語。句意:根據(jù)周圍的環(huán)境辨別方位仍然是我們生存的一項(xiàng)極其重要的技能。A. in contrast to對比,截然不同;B. in defense of為……辯護(hù);C. in face of面對;D. in relation to與……有關(guān)。故選D。
【變式探究】That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.
A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:這個(gè)年輕人是誠實(shí)的,有合作精神的,當(dāng)你需要他的幫助的時(shí)候,總是在那里。簡言之,他是可靠的。A.否則;B.簡言之;C.順便說一下;D.首先。故選B。
高頻考點(diǎn)四 all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析
例4.It's an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.
A.others B.either
C.a(chǎn)nother D.both
【答案】D
【解析】句意:這是一種二選一的情況,我們今年要么買一輛新車,要么去度假,但兩者不可兼得?崭裉幈硎静糠址穸,應(yīng)用not ... both,故選D。
【變式探究】I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.
A.either B.a(chǎn)ny
C.each D.a(chǎn)nother
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我在紐約和芝加哥住過,但是我不喜歡它們中的任何一個(gè)。題干中提到“芝加哥”和“紐約”兩個(gè)城市,根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知,后面的意思應(yīng)為“兩個(gè)都不喜歡”,所以選A。
【變式探究】Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.
A.some B.neither
C.none D.a(chǎn)ll
【答案】C
【解析】句意:雖然羅斯瑪麗多年身患重病,但是她一點(diǎn)也沒有失去對生活的熱情。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“一點(diǎn)兒也不,一點(diǎn)兒也沒有”,所以應(yīng)用none。
高頻考點(diǎn)五 another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析
例5.Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
A.a(chǎn)nother B.the other
C.one another D.one
【答案】A
【解析】句意:回收是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方法;而重復(fù)使用是另一種。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一個(gè)”;the other表示“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”;one another“相互”;one“一”。
【變式探究】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.
A.that B.one
C.ones D.those
【答案】A
【解析】句意:使黛拉高興的是,她首先贏得了她的學(xué)生的信任,然后又獲得了同事的信任?蘸竺娴膐f her colleagues與前面的of her students是同樣的結(jié)構(gòu),因此此空應(yīng)該選擇that來替代the trust,以避免重復(fù)。