高考英語定語從句考點(diǎn)講解
2021-09-25 11:47:32高考網(wǎng)整理
高考英語定語從句考點(diǎn)講解
高頻考點(diǎn)一、考查關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
例1. (2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
A.which B.who
C.a(chǎn)s D.that
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:她和她的家人騎自行車上班,這有助于他們保持健康。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面的事。
【舉一反三】(2018·天津卷)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A.whom B.that
C.whose D.her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:凱特到澳大利亞去工作了。讀大學(xué)的時(shí)候我和她的姐姐住一個(gè)寢室。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,本空需要關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為Kate,且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語,因此用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語從句。
【變式探究】(2017·江蘇卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A.which B.its
C.whose D.whom
【答案】C 【解析】考查定語從句。purposes與the World Food Programme存在“所屬”關(guān)系,此處指“世界糧食計(jì)劃署的目的之一”,且空處在句中作定語,因此選擇whose。
【變式探究】I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A.whose B.why
C.where D.which
【答案】A 【解析】考查定語從句。句意:我住在一對(duì)夫妻的隔壁,他們的孩子總是很吵鬧。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾a couple,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語,故用關(guān)系代詞whose。
高頻考點(diǎn)二、考查關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
例2. (2019·江蘇卷)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A.which B.what
C.when D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)夢(mèng)想最有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的時(shí)代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為an age,空處在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞when。
【舉一反三】(2019·江蘇卷)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A.which B.what
C.when D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)夢(mèng)想最有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的時(shí)代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為an age,空處在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞when。
【變式探究】(2018·江蘇卷)Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句?仗幰龑(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是area,關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語,因此用where,相當(dāng)于in which。
【變式探究】(2018·江蘇卷)Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
【答案】B 【解析】考查定語從句。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是area,關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語,因此用where,相當(dāng)于in which。
【舉一反三】The old couple will never forget the days ________ they made a living by picking up rubbish on the street.
A.where B.when
C.which D.a(chǎn)s
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:這對(duì)老夫妻永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他們靠沿街撿拾垃圾謀生的日子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞days,且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞when。
高頻考點(diǎn)三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
例3.Many young people, most ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A.of which B.of them
C.of whom D.of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是young people, most表示他們中的大多數(shù),因此應(yīng)該使用most of whom。因?yàn)橄刃性~指人,不能選擇of which。
【舉一反三】He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
A.whom B.which
C.them D.that
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。句意:他寫過很多兒童書籍,將近一半都是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。此題的先行詞是children’s books,指物,因此不能選whom;that引導(dǎo)定語從句可以指物,但是不能在介詞后作賓語;假如選them,應(yīng)該在nearly前加適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。因此只能選擇which。此處是“代詞+of+which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
【變式探究】Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A.a(chǎn)s B.whose
C.in which D.a(chǎn)t which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。句意:創(chuàng)造讓雇員感受到自己是團(tuán)隊(duì)一部分的氛圍是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,________employees feel part of a team是一個(gè)定語從句,從句中缺少狀語,故用where或“介詞+which”引導(dǎo),根據(jù)與先行詞an atmosphere的搭配可判斷介詞用in,故選C項(xiàng)。
【舉一反三】She produced another new record in 2017, ________ she celebrated her 38th birthday.
A.a(chǎn)t which B.in that
C.with which D.a(chǎn)bout that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:2017年她又出了一張新專輯,以此慶祝自己38歲生日?仗幰龑(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞是record,故用關(guān)系代詞which,根據(jù)句意可知, 用介詞with,表示“用……”。故選C項(xiàng)。
【變式探究】There were twenty students in this small?sized class, ________ came from the same mountain village.
A.most of whom B.most of them
C.most of which D.most of that
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:這個(gè)小型的班級(jí)有20名學(xué)生,他們中的大部分人都來自同一個(gè)山村?仗帉儆“名詞/數(shù)詞/不定代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)”結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)中of通常表示所屬關(guān)系;如果先行詞指物,就用which,指人就用whom。句中先行詞是students,故用most of whom。