高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：短文改錯(cuò)分類解析-錯(cuò)詞及缺詞(2)

　　高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)歸納·缺詞考點(diǎn)

　　一、缺一介詞

　�、� 有些動(dòng)詞后有時(shí)有介詞，有時(shí)沒(méi)有介詞，可能混淆而缺一介詞。如：attend a meeting, 但 attend ∧(to) the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare∧ (for) the exam; join us, 但 join∧(in) a game.

　　② 表語(yǔ)形容詞通常具有動(dòng)詞意義，很可能誤以為是動(dòng)詞而漏掉介詞。如：be afraid ∧(of) nothing, be present ∧(at) the meeting, be sure ∧(about) it。

　�、� except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介詞詞組充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，可能會(huì)漏掉第 2 個(gè)介詞。如：

　　He came on foot instead of ∧ (by) bike.

　　A big bear ran out from ∧ (behind) a tree.

　�、� hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。類似的還有millions ∧ (of), dozens ∧ (of), scores ∧ (of)

　　二、缺一連詞

　�、� 漢語(yǔ)常用意合法，分句與分句之間往往不用連詞，但英語(yǔ)里不行。如：

　　It began to rain, ∧ (and) they had to stop the match. (如果中間用分號(hào)可不用連詞)

　　It was late, ∧ (so) we went home.

　　You like sports, ∧ (while) I’d rather read.

　　He looked for the key, ∧ (but) didn’t find it.

　�、� 受漢語(yǔ)影響，并列動(dòng)詞詞組之間可能缺一個(gè)and。如：

　　She smiled ∧ (and) said good-bye to her father.

　�、� 名詞性從句 that分句置于句首或作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)不可缺少連詞。如：

　　∧ (That) she is beautiful is known to us all.

　　We heard the news ∧ (that) our team had won.

　�、� even 后可能缺少 if 或 though。如：

　　He walks as ∧ (if 或 though) he were drunk.

　　三、缺一代詞

　　① 充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能缺少。如：

　　The accident ∧ (that) happened yesterday was very serious.

　�、� 英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)替代前面的“the + 名詞”的 that(單數(shù))和 those(復(fù)數(shù))，在漢語(yǔ)中往往很可能漏掉。如：

　　The population of China is much larger than ∧ (that) of Japan.

　　These shirts are expensive, but∧ (those) which we saw the other day were even more expensive.

　　四、缺一助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞 be

　�、� 表語(yǔ)不是名詞時(shí)，可能缺少連系動(dòng)詞 be，因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)在這種情況下不用“是”。如：

　　He ∧ (is) afraid of his father.

　　The match ∧ (is) over.

　　② 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中缺少助動(dòng)詞 be，成了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

　　He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in English.

　�、� 完成體中缺少助動(dòng)詞 have，成了一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

　　We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our way.

　　They ∧ (have) lived here since 1980.

　　④ 在倒裝句中缺少助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：

　　Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started.

　　Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office alone.

　　Only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English well.

　　五、缺一冠詞

　�、� 在 such 或 so + 形容詞與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，不可缺 a (an)。如：

　　He is such ∧ (an) honest boy that all of us like him.

　　This is so good ∧ (a) book that I read it again.

　�、� 表示“有些”時(shí)，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：

　　Don’t hurry. There is ∧ (a) little time left.

　　③ many 前有 great, good 時(shí)，要加 a。如：∧(a) great many people.若 many 后接單數(shù)名詞，中間須有 a (an)。如：Many ∧ (a) man has tried it before.

　�、� 一些不可數(shù)名詞前，有形容詞修飾表示“一種(場(chǎng))等”時(shí)，要加 a (an)。如：

　　It’s ∧ (a) famous Chinese tea.

　　There was∧ (a) heavy rain last night.

　�、� 用專有名詞表示“一個(gè)像(叫)……的人”時(shí)，用 a (an), 如：

　　He wished to be ∧ (a) Lei Feng.

　　∧ (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.

　�、�“形容詞比較級(jí) + of the two…”前必須用 the。如：

　　He is ∧ (the) better one of the two.

　　六、缺to

　�、� 不定式充當(dāng)各種成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：

　　She went there ∧ (to) see her mother.

　　He asked me not ∧ (to) go there.

　　I have something important ∧ (to) tell you.

　　② make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式前的 to需還原。如：

　　She was made ∧ (to) do heavy work.

　　The blind man was seen ∧ (to) cross the street.