125個(gè)易混淆的成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯詳解(5)
2009-03-12 16:53:41網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源
61. current, present
均可表“現(xiàn)在”,“目前”。
current強(qiáng)調(diào)在現(xiàn)階段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (當(dāng)代英語(yǔ))
present為常用詞,指現(xiàn)在正在通用的,在時(shí)間上比current的范圍更窄。如:What’s your present address?(你現(xiàn)住址是哪里?)
62. custom, habit
均可表習(xí)慣。
custom為正式用詞,多指社團(tuán)或人們的習(xí)慣行為方式。
habit為常用詞,多指?jìng)(gè)人因多次重復(fù)而形成做某事的趨勢(shì)或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的壞習(xí)慣。)
63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin
均可表“破壞”,“損壞”。
damage一般指部分性的破壞,含可修復(fù)使用。
destroy指十分徹底的毀壞,破壞。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整個(gè)城市被毀了。)
harm多指帶來(lái)悲痛,產(chǎn)生惡果的傷害,可以是肉體的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(醫(yī)生說(shuō)吸煙對(duì)身體有害。)
ruin為正式用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于自然力或時(shí)間的作用而逐漸損壞,用于比喻時(shí)也指徹底毀壞名聲,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在畫(huà)上,把它毀了。)另外,ruin的復(fù)數(shù)形式ruins表“廢墟”。
64. decrease, reduce
decrease多表示逐漸縮小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)
reduce為常用詞,使用范圍較大,可指尺寸,數(shù)量,規(guī)模和程度等,也可指地位,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。如:He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)
65. dependent, independent
dependent依賴(lài)的,依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.
Independent 不依靠的,獨(dú)立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
66. desert, dessert
desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert?
Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?
67. discover, invent
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
68. duty, responsibility
均有“責(zé)任”之意,可換用。
duty意義較廣,多指發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心的道德倫理上的責(zé)任感。
responsibility著重指從道義或法律上對(duì)事件之后果負(fù)責(zé)。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔(dān)打破花瓶的全部責(zé)任。)
69. effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物,強(qiáng)調(diào)能產(chǎn)生某種預(yù)期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。
efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,著重有效地利用時(shí)間、精力并取得預(yù)期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國(guó)的電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。)
70. economic, economical
economic經(jīng)濟(jì)(學(xué))的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說(shuō))
economical節(jié)約的,節(jié)儉的。如:He is economical of money and time.
71. electric, electrical, electronic
三詞都與電有關(guān) electric著重于發(fā)電的,電動(dòng)的或?qū)щ姷。如:electric generator(發(fā)電機(jī));electric light(電燈)
electrical多指本身不產(chǎn)生電,但是與電有關(guān)的。如:electrical engineering(電機(jī)工程);an electrical transcription(廣播唱片)
electronic 電子的,電子操作的。如:electronic engineering(電子工程學(xué))
72. emergence, emergency
emergence是emerge的名詞形式。
Emergency意為“緊急情況”,“突然事件”。
73. everyday, every day
everyday每日的,日常的(作定語(yǔ))。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.
every day每天(作狀語(yǔ))。如:She gets up early every day.
74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand
都表忍受,忍耐。
bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、煩惱或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是難以忍受的。)
endure忍耐,書(shū)面語(yǔ),指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間經(jīng)受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦難需要耐力。)
stand忍受,與bear同義,但較口語(yǔ)化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(沒(méi)事干,她受不了。)
tolerate容忍,容許,指自我克制的態(tài)度,對(duì)于令人反感的事沒(méi)有任何抗議。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果繼續(xù)這樣下去的話,我決不會(huì)容忍他。)
withstand經(jīng)受,承受,指頂住外來(lái)的壓力和攻勢(shì)。如:They have withstood all test.(他們經(jīng)受了一切考驗(yàn)。)
75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming
均表“缺點(diǎn)”,“錯(cuò)誤”。
error是通用詞,指任何錯(cuò)誤,“犯錯(cuò)誤”可以說(shuō)commit /make an error。
mistake指判斷或理解方面,或指因考慮不周而造成的錯(cuò)誤,搭配是make a mistake。
fault表示“過(guò)失”,可與error通用,現(xiàn)多用來(lái)指缺點(diǎn),特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(這臺(tái)機(jī)器有一處毛病。)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) find fault with挑剔,找毛病。
shortcoming 缺點(diǎn),可指人或事物的本質(zhì)上不足之處(常用復(fù)數(shù))。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(盡管他缺點(diǎn)多,我仍然喜歡他。)