高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn):代詞
2016-02-23 15:11:08中國教育在線
代詞在近幾年高考試題中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率為100%,每年至少測(cè)試一道題。測(cè)試代詞常用對(duì)話形式,構(gòu)成特定語境,考查考生靈活運(yùn)用代詞的能力。代詞指代的范圍、作主語時(shí)主謂一致的用法、易混不定代詞的細(xì)微差別都是高考的必考點(diǎn)。其中不定代詞one,the one,ones與that,those,it的用法區(qū)別。
考點(diǎn)一? 考查one(s), that, those, it的用法
[考點(diǎn)解讀]
● one泛指一個(gè)人或物?其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones? one和the one作同位語時(shí),如果與其同位的詞語是特指,則用the one;如果是泛指,則用one,?
● that指代前面提到過的名詞,常有后置定語? that的復(fù)數(shù)形式是those? that可指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(= the one), 也可指代不可數(shù)名詞,或指代前面提到過的一件事?
● it可指代前面提到過的一個(gè)名詞,如例7;指代一件事,如例8;指代不明性別的嬰兒或不明確的人,也可指代時(shí)間?天氣?距離等0?
二? 考查all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法
[考點(diǎn)解讀]
● both表示“兩個(gè)人或物都”,具有肯定含義; either表示“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”,如例13; neither表示“兩者都不”?
● all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all也可籠統(tǒng)地表示“一切,所有”, none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在與of連用或回答how many/much的提問時(shí)只能用none, no one表示“沒有一個(gè)人”,
三? 考查another, the other, others, the others的用法
[考點(diǎn)解讀]
● another泛指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中不確定的另一個(gè),如例19? another還可以作形容詞,表示“另一個(gè)的”
● the other指已知的兩個(gè)人或物中的另一個(gè)
● others和“other + 名詞”均泛指“別的人或物”
● the others指“一定范圍內(nèi)其余的人或物”,如例23?如果被指代的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,則用the rest替代,
四? 考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法
[考點(diǎn)解讀]
● few和little可用作代詞和形容詞? few和a few可以修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)? few有否定含義, a few有肯定含義, little和a little可以修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞? little有否定含義, a little含肯定含義?
● some和any表示“一些”,可用作代詞和形容詞? some用于肯定句,例31; any用于否定句?疑問句和條件句中, some也可用于疑問句,如例32和例33; any也可用于肯定陳述句中,表示“任何一個(gè)”。
五? 考查something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody的用法及它們與else的搭配
[考點(diǎn)解讀]
● 由some和any構(gòu)成的不定代詞的用法和some和any的用法基本一致?
● nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定?
● 無論在肯定句?否定句還是疑問句中, everything和everyone (everybody) 都表示“全部,所有”?
● 不定代詞后跟else時(shí),表示“另外的,其他的”;形容詞修飾something/anything/nothing時(shí),應(yīng)置于不定代詞之后?以上不定代詞連寫時(shí),不和of連用,every one可和of連用?
【精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案
1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything
C. something D. nothing
2. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
A. what, both B. what, none
C. which, both C. which, none
3. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
A. Neither, not B. Both, more
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
4. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what
C. how D. which
5“Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
A. what B. when
C. which D. who
6.Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
A. what B. when
C. which D. whom
7. These trousers are dirty and wet — I’ll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers
C. others D. other
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each
C. every D. either
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
A. anything B. anyone
C. anybody D. anywhere
11.I didn’t make clear when and where the sports meet would be held.
A.this B that C it D one
12 To tell you the truth..really don't like when people talk with you with their eyes stating into the sky.
A.which B that C it D.what
13.一Which one can I take?
一You can take of them;I’ll keep none.
A.both B.any C.either D.all
14.一Which coat would you prefer.sir?
一I’ll take ,to have n change sometimes.
A.allthem
B.them dl C.both them D them b0Ih
15.The movie is boring;it is,in fact,rather exeiting and interesting
A anything but B nothing but C no more D all but
16 Alan sold most of his belongings.He has hardly left in the house
A.everything B.anything C.nothing D something
17.I have been lived in Shanghai for two years.butI haven’t covered of the city
A.anything
B.much C many D plenty
18.She kept looking behind to see if she was being followed
A her B.herself C.her own D.she
19.All of us want very much to see these recommended movies,especially you referred to jusl now.
A as B which C the one D that
20.If a studem can make what has been learned whether in class of from social practice ,he will make steady progress.
A he B him C himself D his
21.一Do you want tea or coffee?
一 really don't mind
A.None B Neither C Either D All
22.The manager believes prices will not rise by more than four percent.
A.any other B the other C another D other
23.The manager was very angry,for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterdy,half of unqualified.
A.whom B what C them D.which
24一Did you visit many places while you were in Canada?
一Yes,
A.afew quite B only few C.only afew D quite few
25 In somecountries, is callede quality does not really mean equal rights for all people
A that B what C which D how
26一May I have a glass of beer.please?
一Beer?Sorry,there is left,but would you mind having,some juice instead?
A none B.no one C nothing D few
27.一When can we goto visit you?
一Anytime you feel like
A.one B it C so D thal
28 We need a more capable leader, with strong will as well as good humour.
A who B.that C.one D.which
29.The number 2008 is a special number, I think,that will be remembered hy the Chinese forever.
A.which B what C one D.it
30.一How do you like his wife?
一She is like a good housekeeper,for the children's room is always in a terrible mess.
A Somebody B nobody C something D.nothing
——答案與解析——
1【解析】此題應(yīng)選 A,注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你說的大部分內(nèi)容),其后的not 與 everything 構(gòu)成部分否定,意為“不是所有的都同意”,前后兩部分用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but 連接,語氣通順、連貫。
2【解析】最佳答案為C。做好此題的關(guān)鍵是要注意句中的 better 一詞,由于better 用的是比較級(jí),說明比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)是兩者,由此可推知第二空應(yīng)填both;另一方面,由于所談?wù)摰氖莾烧,說明選擇范圍比較窄、比較明確,所以第一空應(yīng)填 which。
3【解析】做對(duì)此題的關(guān)鍵是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer,而是除這兩者外的第三者,故第二空應(yīng)填 the most,即此題最佳答案為C。
4【解析】此題答案選D,主要與上文的some book or other (某一本書)這一語境有關(guān),全句句意為:“我在某一本書上讀到過它,是哪一本書這很重要嗎?”
5【解析】此題最佳答案為D。句意為:“誰告訴你的?”“噢,有個(gè)人,我忘記是哪一個(gè)了。”
6【解析】此題最佳答案為C。句意為“有些學(xué)生開會(huì)遲到了,但我不記得是哪些學(xué)生了”。
7【解析】最佳答案為C。是從語法上看,another 后通常接單數(shù)名詞,而不接trousers 這樣的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(若用 another pair 則可以);也不能選 trousers 是因?yàn)樘钏渥右馑疾煌āW罴汛鸢笐?yīng)選C,others 相當(dāng)于 other trousers,其中的 other 與前面的 these 相對(duì)照。
8【解析】最佳答案為D。使用one … the other … 時(shí),我們通常是針對(duì)兩者而言的,即指“兩者中的一個(gè)……,另一個(gè)……”;如果所談?wù)摰那闆r不是針對(duì)兩者而言的,而是針對(duì)多者而言的,那么我們就不宜在 one 后使用 the other,而考慮用 another。
9【解析】此題容易誤選A,認(rèn)為既然前面出現(xiàn)了 four bedrooms,故填 all 與之對(duì)應(yīng)。其實(shí),此題的最佳答案應(yīng)為B,原因是空格后的隱藏信息 its,它表示空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)單數(shù)代詞,但是不能選C,因?yàn)?every 不能這樣單獨(dú)使用。
10【解析】正確答案應(yīng)選A。因?yàn)?anything but 是習(xí)語,意為“根本不是”或“一點(diǎn)也不”,不僅可用于事物,也可用于人。如:
I’ll do anything but that. 我絕不會(huì)干那種事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚會(huì)根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父親根本不是詩人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那樣的人絕不算英雄。
11 C!窘馕觥縤t代替后面的when and where引導(dǎo)的從句。其他選項(xiàng)均無此用法。
12 C!窘馕觥靠疾榇~。1t指代空格后面的內(nèi)容。
13 D!窘馕觥靠疾椴欢ù~的用法。句中的none說明所拿走的東西至少有三個(gè),而且后句表示可以全部拿走,所以答案選D。
14 D!窘馕觥烤渲械膒refer說明是在兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇,排除A、B。both修飾代詞或名詞應(yīng)為botll of them或they both。所以答案應(yīng)為D。
15 A!窘馕觥靠疾榇~短語。anything but t表示根本不,決不;nothing but僅僅,只有,all but幾乎,差不多。由下文實(shí)際上,這個(gè)電影相當(dāng)令人興奮和有趣可知,上句應(yīng)為這個(gè)電影根本不乏味。故答案選A。
16 B!窘馕觥繌念}意可知.Alan把大部分財(cái)產(chǎn)都變賣了,房里幾乎沒有什幺東西了。用anything與否定詞連用,hardly anything=nothing,故答案選B。
17 B。【解析】表示整體中的一部分,且這個(gè)整體是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),前面的代詞用much。故答案選B。
18.B!窘馕觥看颂幈硎就约荷砗罂.故用反身代詞作賓語。
19 C!窘馕觥靠疾榇~的用法。The one特指you referred to jusl now.。
20 D!窘馕觥烤湟鉃槿绻粋(gè)學(xué)生能將無論是通過課堂還是社會(huì)實(shí)踐學(xué)到的東西變成自己的東西,他將會(huì)取得穩(wěn)定的進(jìn)步。此處是名詞性物主代詞,作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故答案選D。
2l C!窘馕觥靠疾榇~none,neither,either,all的用法。根據(jù)上句可知,此處是在兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇,而且從后一句的我真的不介意可知回答者的意思是兩者中哪一個(gè)都可以,所以答案選C。
22 C!窘馕觥靠疾椴欢ù~的用法。題干中的意思是價(jià)格不會(huì)再增長超過4%。any other任一其他的;the other(兩者中)另外一個(gè);another另外.又,放在數(shù)詞前面;other表示另外,和more一樣,要放在數(shù)字的后面。故答案選C。
23 C!窘馕觥靠疾槿朔Q代詞作獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語。句意:經(jīng)理非常生氣,因?yàn)樗寻l(fā)給他商業(yè)伙伴兩千臺(tái)機(jī)器,其中一半有質(zhì)量問題。half of unqualified.是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),half of 是unqualified的邏輯主語,of是介詞,所以此處要用賓格。
24 C!窘馕觥縬uite修飾名詞時(shí)要放在冠詞前,排除選項(xiàng)A,選項(xiàng)B、D都表示幾乎設(shè)有的意思,只有選項(xiàng)c表示有幾個(gè)。根據(jù)下句的肯定回答可知答案選c。
25 B!窘馕觥看颂帪閣hat引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,what在從句中作主語。
26 A,【解析】此處none指代none of the beer,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。
27 B!窘馕觥縧t用來指代上文所提到的內(nèi)容。
28.C。【解析】考查代詞辨析。此處應(yīng)用one作a more capable leader的同位語。句意:我們需要一個(gè)更有能力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定又富有幽默感的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。
29 C!窘馕觥窟@里one指代前面的a special number,hat will be remembered hy the Chinese forever.是修飾one的定語從句,I think是插入語。
30 D!窘馕觥扛鶕(jù)下文for the children's room is always in a terrible mess.可知,D為正確答案,考生應(yīng)注意對(duì)She is nothing like a good housekeeper的正確理解,其意思是:她完全不像是一個(gè)好主婦。
推薦閱讀:
2016高考資訊 | 2016藝考 | 2016自主招生 | 2016中國大學(xué)排行榜 | 最美;ūP點(diǎn)
1月高考關(guān)注:特殊類型招生與港澳高校內(nèi)地招生
中國校友會(huì)網(wǎng):2016年中國各類型大學(xué)排行榜
25所高校招辦解讀2016年藝術(shù)類專業(yè)招生政策