英語(yǔ)詞匯用法比較:have to與must,can與be able to
2011-09-06 18:03:45愛(ài)思學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
比較have to 和must的用法
1) 兩詞都是'必須'的意思,have to 表示客觀的需要, must 表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法,既主觀上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。(客觀上需要做這件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)
2) have to有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語(yǔ)中表示過(guò)去的必要或義務(wù)。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3) 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中: don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。
比較can 和be able to
1)can could 表示能力;可能 (過(guò)去時(shí)用could),
只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2)只用be able to
a. 位于助動(dòng)詞后。
b. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。
c. 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。
d. 用于句首表示條件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事時(shí),只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意:could不表示時(shí)態(tài)
1)提出委婉的請(qǐng)求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2)在否定,疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是壞人。