英語(yǔ)高頻考點(diǎn):主謂一致
2019-05-22 11:15:25網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源
一、語(yǔ)法一致原則
即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。
一、單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)以及句子作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
例:
To see is to believe.
眼見為實(shí)。
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)大聲朗讀非常重要。
When they could finish the task is not known yet.
他們何時(shí)能完成任務(wù)還未知。
Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his/her name here.
要參加比賽的人請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里簽名。
what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句
what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí),有時(shí)要以what所指代的詞的意義來決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。
例:
What he said is true.
他所說的是真的。
What we need are more volunteers.
我們所需要的是更多的志愿者。
二、由連接詞and或both … and連接的名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)以及句子作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例:
What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged the other students.
他說的話及行為極大地鼓舞了其他學(xué)生。
Both his father and his mother are advanced workers.
他的爸爸和媽媽都是先進(jìn)工作者。
注意:有時(shí),一些用and連接的主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的卻是單數(shù)的概念,這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。
1. 用and連接的名詞表示同一人、同一物或同一概念作主語(yǔ)時(shí);
例:
The secretary and manager was speaking at the meeting.
那位書記兼經(jīng)理在會(huì)上講話。
2.“each/every/no/ many a + 單數(shù)名詞+ and + each/every/no/many a + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。
例:
Every hour and every minute is precious.
每一小時(shí),每一分鐘,都很寶貴。
三、 “名詞+as well as, rather than, like, but, expect, besides, with, together with, along with, including, in addition to+ 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)保持一致。
例:
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
湯姆以及他的兩個(gè)朋友一起被邀請(qǐng)參加宴會(huì)了。
四、“more than one 或many a + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),盡管其意義為復(fù)數(shù),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是用單數(shù)形式。
例:
More than one student is against the decision.
不止一個(gè)學(xué)生反對(duì)這個(gè)決定。
五、不定代詞either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every與thing, body, one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
例:
Nothing in the world moves faster than light.
世上沒有什么東西比光傳播得更快。
注意:若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)形式;若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式或復(fù)數(shù)形式都可以。
例:
None of the money has been spent on repairs.
這筆錢沒有花費(fèi)在維修方面。