2019年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語知識點：介詞的用法

來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2018-10-20 23:28:19

介詞的用法
表示時間的介詞
in	指在較長的一段時間內(nèi)，后接大于一天的時間單位名詞。 eg: in August/ in 2015/ in winter/ in the 21^st century/ in his life
	后接時間段，如果用于將來時，譯為“…之后”。如果用于一般過去時，譯為“在…之內(nèi)”。 eg:I will be back in 3 hours. 他3小時以后回來。 He came back in 3 hours. 他在3小時以內(nèi)就回來了。
	泛指在上午，下午或晚上。 eg: She seldom reads in the evening. I usually go to the market to buy vegetables in the morning.
at	后接時間點，即在…點鐘，時刻 eg: at six o’clock/ at noon/ at that time/ at the beginning of…
on	表示在具體的某一天。 eg: on my birthday/ on the following day/ on that day
on	表示在具體某一天的上下午或晚上。 eg: on Sunday morning/ on the night of August 10/ on a sunny afternoon
during	表示在某段時間內(nèi)，某一動作自始至終地進(jìn)行。 eg: During the meal we talked about the TV play. The shop was closed during the whole three months.
for	后接時間段，表示動作持續(xù)的時間。表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)多長時間。 eg: They have lived in China for two years. 表示過去的某個動作持續(xù)過多久。 eg: They lived in China for two years. 表示某一動作將要持續(xù)多久。 eg: They will stay in China for two years.
since	譯為自從，后接過去的時間點，表示某一動作自過去某時延續(xù)至今，做現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。 eg: I haven’t written home since Christmas.
after	after后接時間段，用于過去時。eg: They got married after a year.
after	after后接時間點，用于將來時。eg:He will arrive after 3 o’clock.
by	“不遲于某時”，包括某時在內(nèi)。 eg: I will finish the work by Friday. (包括星期五)
before	“在某時之前”，不包括某時在內(nèi)。 eg:I will finish the work before Friday. (不包括星期五)
表示地點的介詞
on	指在某物的表面上，與物體表面接觸，反義詞為beneath。 eg: A lovely cat is lying on the table. The ground beneath their feet is soft.
in	在…之上，暗示占去了某物的一部分。 eg: There is a hole in the wall. He is lying in bed. There is a bird in the tree.
above	指在物體的斜上方，反義詞為below. eg: The plane flew above the clouds. The moon sank below the hills.
over	指在物體的垂直正上方，也有覆蓋，越過之意。反義詞為under. eg: I saw a stone bridge over the river. The thief climbed over the wall and ran away. He is hiding under the bed.
方位介詞
between	表示在兩者之間。 eg: Let’s start out between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m. The little girl was sitting between her parents.
among	表示在三者或更多者之間。 eg: He was happy to be among the friends again. There was a village among the hills.
through	表示從內(nèi)部穿過，即空間穿過。 eg: We walked through the forest.
across	表示從表面上通過，即平面穿過。 eg: He swam through the river.
past	表示從旁邊經(jīng)過。 eg: They drove past a big supermarket.
over	表示從上方跨過。 eg: The plane flew over the Great Wall.
表示“除了…外”
except	表示“除…之外（其他的都）”，其后的賓語是被排除在外的。 eg: All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.
besides	表示“除…之外（其他的也）”，其后的賓語是被包括在內(nèi)的。 eg:We need three more chairs besides these two.
but	指“除了…之外，什么也沒有”，but 后的詞是僅有或存在的內(nèi)容，通常與nothing, nobody, no等否詞連用。 eg: There is nothing but a desk in the room.
except for	指除去整體中不好的部分。 eg: All the buildings are excellent except for their location.
表示工具，手段，材料
with	多指使用具體的工具或是身體部位。 eg: I cut the cake with a knife. We see with our eyes.
in	使用某種語言，或使用某種墨水。 eg: Can you sing it in Japanese? Don’t write these numbers in pencil. Write them in black ink.
表示“關(guān)于”的介詞
about	表示“有關(guān)，關(guān)于”，指內(nèi)容較普通，通常涉及日常生產(chǎn)及生活等方面。eg: Tell him something about your trip.
on	表示“關(guān)于”，指嚴(yán)肅的，有研究性的，理論，專著等問題。 eg: This is a book on radio.