2019年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語知識點:介詞的用法
來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2018-10-20 23:28:19
介詞的用法 |
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表示時間的介詞 |
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in |
指在較長的一段時間內(nèi),后接大于一天的時間單位名詞。 eg: in August/ in 2015/ in winter/ in the 21st century/ in his life |
后接時間段,如果用于將來時,譯為“…之后”。如果用于一般過去時,譯為“在…之內(nèi)”。 eg:I will be back in 3 hours. 他3小時以后回來。 He came back in 3 hours. 他在3小時以內(nèi)就回來了。 |
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泛指在上午,下午或晚上。 eg: She seldom reads in the evening. I usually go to the market to buy vegetables in the morning. |
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at |
后接時間點,即在…點鐘,時刻 eg: at six o’clock/ at noon/ at that time/ at the beginning of… |
on |
表示在具體的某一天。 eg: on my birthday/ on the following day/ on that day |
表示在具體某一天的上下午或晚上。 eg: on Sunday morning/ on the night of August 10/ on a sunny afternoon |
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during |
表示在某段時間內(nèi),某一動作自始至終地進(jìn)行。 eg: During the meal we talked about the TV play. The shop was closed during the whole three months. |
for |
后接時間段,表示動作持續(xù)的時間。 表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)多長時間。 eg: They have lived in China for two years. 表示過去的某個動作持續(xù)過多久。 eg: They lived in China for two years. 表示某一動作將要持續(xù)多久。 eg: They will stay in China for two years. |
since |
譯為自從,后接過去的時間點,表示某一動作自過去某時延續(xù)至今,做現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。 eg: I haven’t written home since Christmas. |
after |
after后接時間段,用于過去時。eg: They got married after a year. |
after后接時間點,用于將來時。eg:He will arrive after 3 o’clock. |
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by |
“不遲于某時”,包括某時在內(nèi)。 eg: I will finish the work by Friday. (包括星期五) |
before |
“在某時之前”,不包括某時在內(nèi)。 eg:I will finish the work before Friday. (不包括星期五) |
表示地點的介詞 |
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on |
指在某物的表面上,與物體表面接觸,反義詞為beneath。 eg: A lovely cat is lying on the table. The ground beneath their feet is soft. |
in |
在…之上,暗示占去了某物的一部分。 eg: There is a hole in the wall. He is lying in bed. There is a bird in the tree. |
above |
指在物體的斜上方,反義詞為below. eg: The plane flew above the clouds. The moon sank below the hills. |
over |
指在物體的垂直正上方,也有覆蓋,越過之意。反義詞為under. eg: I saw a stone bridge over the river. The thief climbed over the wall and ran away. He is hiding under the bed. |
方位介詞 |
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between |
表示在兩者之間。 eg: Let’s start out between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m. The little girl was sitting between her parents. |
among |
表示在三者或更多者之間。 eg: He was happy to be among the friends again. There was a village among the hills. |
through |
表示從內(nèi)部穿過,即空間穿過。 eg: We walked through the forest. |
across |
表示從表面上通過,即平面穿過。 eg: He swam through the river. |
past |
表示從旁邊經(jīng)過。 eg: They drove past a big supermarket. |
over |
表示從上方跨過。 eg: The plane flew over the Great Wall. |
表示“除了…外” |
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except |
表示“除…之外(其他的都)”,其后的賓語是被排除在外的。 eg: All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom. |
besides |
表示“除…之外(其他的也)”,其后的賓語是被包括在內(nèi)的。 eg:We need three more chairs besides these two. |
but |
指“除了…之外,什么也沒有”,but 后的詞是僅有或存在的內(nèi)容,通常與nothing, nobody, no等否詞連用。 eg: There is nothing but a desk in the room. |
except for |
指除去整體中不好的部分。 eg: All the buildings are excellent except for their location. |
表示工具,手段,材料 |
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with |
多指使用具體的工具或是身體部位。 eg: I cut the cake with a knife. We see with our eyes. |
in |
使用某種語言,或使用某種墨水。 eg: Can you sing it in Japanese? Don’t write these numbers in pencil. Write them in black ink. |
表示“關(guān)于”的介詞 |
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about |
表示“有關(guān),關(guān)于”,指內(nèi)容較普通,通常涉及日常生產(chǎn)及生活等方面。eg: Tell him something about your trip. |
on |
表示“關(guān)于”,指嚴(yán)肅的,有研究性的,理論,專著等問題。 eg: This is a book on radio. |
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