高考英語高頻中國文化知識點匯總(5)

　　36 Chinese Tourists Abroad出境旅游熱

　　37 The Reputation ofDogs狗的名聲

　　Dialogue

　　A: Many Westerners don't understand why Chinese people eat dogs. After some of them have studied Chinese, they realized that the word "dog" is used in many derogatory expressions. Some of those expressions are "a running dog", "stinky dog droppings," or "like a dog who bites on the strength of its master's power." This last one describes a person who takes advantage of someone else's strength to bully others．Why do dogs have such a bad reputation in China?

　　B: My guess is that for hundreds of years in rural China, dogs have been used to guard houses. The more they bark at the sight of strangers, the more generous their owners are in rewarding them. That in turn makes the dogs even more aggressive. In the old days, a scholar visiting a village would knock on the door of a farmer's house, hoping to be greeted with hospitality. Often, to his dismay, he would be greeted by a barking dog that would sometimes bite him. The scholar would be scared and run back home and, out of anger and frustration, coin phrased to curse dogs.

　　A: That's a very imaginative story! However, it seems that people have begun to like dogs in recent years.

　　B: You're right. As people are becoming more and more affluent, the role of the dog has c

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　　hanged from a sentinel to a favorite pet. Nowadays, a lot of people are breeding dogs as pets and for sale. Many others still dislike dogs because dogs have invaded the already very crowded human space. Chinese cities are densely populated and a lot of people live in pigeonholes in high-rise apartment buildings. Usually, over 100 households share a couple of elevators or the same flight of stairs. Imagine the elevator door opening and a dog running out and barking at you. Would you still consider dogs lovely if you had to face that every day? To look after the dogs properly, the owners have to walk their dogs everyday and, they end up leaving dog droppings all over the place. In this case, "stinky dog dropping" become a reality and not just a curse. You can step on them any time of aren't careful. That's why more and more people feel offended by dogs. Unfortunately, some dog owners don't seem to care about all these problems.

　　A: I heard that some people are so frustrated that they put poison on public lawns to kill the poor dogs. Recently more than 50,000 dogs were rounded up and killed in a county in Yunnan Province. In Beijing, more than 70,000 people were bitten by dogs during 2006. Reports of rabies throughout the country have increased sharply.

　　B: It's unfortunate that dogs become responsible for the bad behavior of their owners. In fact, none of the derogative expressions related to dogs actually apply to the dogs. They really refer to people. In this sense, dogs have a chance to finally get back at the humans.

　　對話：

　　A：許多西方人對中國人吃狗肉很不理解。學(xué)了中文以后，發(fā)現(xiàn)"狗"這個字被用于許多貶義詞匯："走狗"、"臭狗屎"、"狗仗人勢"等等，為什么狗的名聲在中國這么壞?

　　B：我猜大概是因為在數(shù)百年前的鄉(xiāng)土中國，狗是用來看家護院的，見到陌生人越是狂吠主人就越給予褒獎，狗們就更具攻擊性。讀書人想到農(nóng)家看一看，就敲響了農(nóng)戶的門，期待農(nóng)人以禮相待，令他沮喪的是，迎接他的是一條狂叫的狗，然后又撲過來撕咬。讀書人驚恐地回到家中，憤怒之下，就造出了那些貶損狗的詞匯。

　　A：一個很有想像力的故事。但是這些年，中國人好像開始喜歡狗了。

　　B：對，我們的生活越發(fā)富裕，城市里的狗從看家變身為寵物，現(xiàn)在許多人都養(yǎng)狗，或作寵物或作買賣。同時討厭狗的人也隨之增多。原因在于狗侵犯了人們本來就擁擠的生活空間。中國城市的人口密度大、空間小，多數(shù)市民住在空間不大的高樓里，上百戶的人共用一兩部電梯或一道樓梯。想像一下，電梯門打開后，一條狗突然跑出來沖你狂叫的情形。如果天天如此，你還會覺得狗可愛嗎?狗主人們?yōu)榱苏疹櫤米约旱墓访刻於家�出去遇狗，可是他們卻任由自己的狗到處排泄。這種情形之下，"臭狗屎"不再是咒罵，而成為現(xiàn)實，不小心就會踩到。這就是越來越多的人討厭狗的原因。不幸的是，一些狗主人似乎并沒有意識到這些問題。

　　A：我聽說有些人一怒之下在小區(qū)的草地上下毒殺那些可憐的狗。在云南省的一個縣曾經(jīng)撲殺了5萬只狗。2006年僅北京就有7萬人被狗咬傷，全國患狂犬病的人數(shù)急劇上升。

　　B：不幸的是，狗主人的過失全部由狗承擔(dān)了。事實上，那些貶損狗的詞匯，從來都不是用來罵狗而是用來指人的不良行為的。對可憐的狗來說，這也算扯平了。

　　38 TOEFL or No TOEFL？考不考托福？

　　39 Blogging Fever博克熱

　　A：Have you ever heard of Xu Jinglei? She is a movie star and her blogs are very popular.

　　B：Yes. Her blogs received 10 million hits in less than four months.

　　A：Actually, her blogs are boring. People like her because she is candid and doesn't have the pretentiousness that is typical of many other actresses. People are tired of the entertainers who rely on seductive and absurd content to attract eyeballs. I much prefer another blogger. Her name is Hong Huang, a woman in her 40's. She does not have the pretty looks of a movie star but she is extremely intelligent. She studied in the US when she was only 12, so there is a strong Western influence in her articles. Although she talks a lot about herself, she is able to reflect on some of the social issues, which give her blogs a broader view. She is knowledgeable, unpretentious and has a sense of humor and her articles are always short and to-the-point, which makes them very easy to read on the computer screen.

　　B：But, she doesn't receive as many hits as Xu Jinglei. Is it because she's not as pretty?

　　A：That definitely is a reason. Another reason is

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　　that she is not a movie star. People who read Hong Huang tend to be more reasonable, thoughtful and mature.

　　B：Are more and more movie stars running their own blogs as a result of Xu's success?

　　A：Yes. Many of them have launched their own blogs. They are eager to tell people they can do more things than just being a movie star. In fact, many ordinary people are publishing blogs too. Maybe, this is because there aren't many other channels for people to express themselves. Originally, blogs were just an additional source of information beside the mainstream media. Now it has become a platform for people to show their personalities.

　　B：Some Shanghai people are writing blogs in English.

　　A：Yes. The Shanghai Blogger is probably the most popular. It attracts over a million hits a month. It has very thorough information about the scenic spots, local custom, dining, wining, and transportation in Shanghai. According to the bloggers, writing in English has allowed them to think in different dimensions.

　　B：The Shanghai Blogger sounds like an interesting place. I'll check it out. It could be an additional source of income.

　　A：你聽說過徐靜蕾嗎?她是個女演員，她的博客被大家追捧。

　　B：聽說了。據(jù)說她的博客在不到4個月內(nèi)點擊率達到了1 000萬次。

　　A：其實，她的博客沒有太大意思，我猜人們喜歡她是因為她率真，沒有女演員的矯情。在她之前一些女性用情色、荒謬的博客吸引眼球，現(xiàn)在大家對這種不健康的表達厭煩了。我更喜歡另一個叫洪晃的人寫的博客。她差不多40歲，長相平平，但智慧似乎高于一般人。她在12歲的時候到美國學(xué)習(xí)，所以她的博客有很強的西方文化的痕跡。她的博客也是講述自己的一些經(jīng)歷，她能夠反思社會上的一些問題，因此具有更寬的視角。她有學(xué)識、不矯情，而且有幽默感。她寫的文章短小，不兜圈子，這樣在電腦屏幕上讀起來很容易。

　　B：但是，為什么她沒有徐靜蕾那樣高的點擊率？難道因為她長相平平嗎？

　　A：這肯定是原因之一。另外也因為她不是電影明星。所以看洪晃博客的人應(yīng)該是一些更理性、更智慧、更成熟的人。

　　B：是不是有更多的演員開自己的博客，因為徐給了她們一個在網(wǎng)上成功的榜樣？

　　A：你說對了。不少演員開了博客，她們想表明他們除了作演員還能做其他更多的事情。事實上，不少普通人也開博客。這也許是因為人們沒有太多表達自己的渠道。起初，博客只是除了主流媒體之外的另一個信息來源�，F(xiàn)在它成為展示個性的平臺。

　　B：上海的一些人用英文寫博客。

　　A：對。 "上海博客"最有名，每個月有超過百萬的點擊量。那里有一些關(guān)于上海的景點、風(fēng)俗、餐飲、交通等非常詳細(xì)的信息。據(jù)那些寫英文博客的人說，用英文寫作使他們可以從另一個角度思考。

　　B：看來這是一個對我有用的平臺，聽上去是個有趣的地方。我要去試一試。這可能成為另一個收入來源。

　　40 The Appeal of Cracy Stones《瘋狂的石頭》的魅力

　　41 The Film Makers'Responsibility電影人的責(zé)任

　　42 The Crazy TV Box電視，瘋狂的盒子

　　43 English as a Door Opener英語，敲門磚文化碰撞

　　A: many people still remember zhang ziyi's poor English at an oscar ceremony several years ago. It has become a permanent embarrassment to her.

　　B: people such as joan chen who went to Hollywood many years earlier had to speak good English in the fist place. It is a different story today. Hollywood is eager to break into the Chinese market with its 1.3 billion people. Therefore, English proficiency has become a secondary consideration when selecting a Chinese actor. Gong li's English was very bad when she made her debut in Chinese box, but she was given a subsequent role in Miami cice. As many as eight people were hired to help her speak English with a Cuban accent. Hollywood wanted to get into the Chinese market by having gong li in the movie.

　　A: jet li had to go through a crash course in English after he was selected by Hollywood. "you have to learn English if you wang to have a role in Hollywood movies," he said.

　　B: it seems Hollywood's criterion is the person's appeal rather than their English proficiency.

　　A: talking about appeal, I think Hollywood is wrong in assuming that its movies can only find their way into china by engaging certain actress.

　　B: you are right. No matter how fluent they are in English, it is almost impossible for gong li and zhang ziyi to be as famous in the united states as tom cruise and Jul

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　　ia Roberts are in asia. Only when china can produce movies, not just one or two but a lot, that appeal to American theater-goers, can Chinese movies stars become popular over there.

　　A: unfortunately, many Chinese performers believe that English is very important for them to get a foothold in Hollywood. I am currently teaching English to a Chinese actor and I've heard many other performers have hired foreigners to teach them English.

　　B: that's correct. Zhang ziyi, for example, is spending a lot of time learning English. Her English was much better at last year's oscar award ceremony. Now she even speaks a few English words when doing promotions for her movies. Obviously she is very proud of her grogress.

　　A： every young artist has a dream to speak English as good as an American. Hollywood is a dream factory. These young artists are hoping to realize their dreams in Hollywood some day. Naturally English has become a door opener to this dream factory.

　　44 When English Meets Chinese當(dāng)英語與漢語相遇

　　45 Chinese and Western Set Phrases中國俗語和西方俗語

　　46 The Ideal Man理想男人

　　A：A Chinese girl falls in love with a Frenchman who always buys her gifts. The girl feels overwhelmed with love. "A Chinese man would never buy me so many gifts," she said.

　　B：I've also heard that many Chinese girls like to have Western boyfriends. Men are good at making their girlfriends happy through buying them gifts. But you know what, when those girls really need help, Western men would usually tell them to "handle it themselves." Chinese girls are disappointed when their Western boyfriends are unwilling to spend a lot of money on them.

　　A：According to Chinese tradition, a woman marries for food and shelter. Although a Chinese man is not good at buying gifts for his wife, he feels obliged to support her for the rest of her life. Love becomes secondary. A Western man may be good at showering his girl friend with gifts but he usually has second thoughts when it comes to a meaningful relationship. That's why many Chinese girls feel it less advantageous to marry Western men. Western men, on the other hand, find Chinese girls too pragmatic and less independent.

　　B：I remember reading an article about a Chinese girl who married an American. The girl came all the way to Beijing to live with the man. She never asked him for money and neither did she rely on his connections. Instead she supported herself through an English training class and eventually found a nice job. When the man asked her to marry him, he told her "You are different from many Chinese girls. They are too dependent on men."

　　A：Chinese people believe that if two people fall in love, they should share happiness and hardship. Many Chinese women find it unbelievable that Western men would allow their girlfriends to rough it on their own. Sometimes I wonder if it is an excuse by Western men to escape their responsibilities by talking about independence. One may get a lot of gifts by marrying a Western man but you will probably lose their life-long support, unless you are prepared to face all the challenges yourself. As for the girl who married the American, I just feel there are too many uncertainties for her, both physically and mentally.

　　B：The good news is Chinese men have learned to buy gifts for their girl friends. That's why roses cost a fortune on Valentine's Day.

　　A：You seem to suggest that Chinese men are preferable and more dependable.

　　A：一個中國女孩交了個法國男朋友，他常送禮物給她。中國女孩為愛而傾倒。她說，"中國男人很少會給我買這么多禮物。"

　　B：我也聽說過中國女孩喜歡交外國男友。送禮物是洋男人的長項，但是到了女人需要實質(zhì)性幫助時，洋男人通常用一句"我知道你能行"來打發(fā)。經(jīng)濟上的涇渭分明，讓中國女孩感到失望。

　　A：依據(jù)中國傳統(tǒng)觀念，嫁漢嫁漢，穿衣吃飯。雖然中國男人不善送禮物，卻要承擔(dān)女人一生的托付，愛情退居第二位。洋男人，擅長與女友分享小禮物，但進入實質(zhì)性關(guān)系時，他通常不能一心一意。這就是許多中國女人覺得嫁這種男人不實惠的原因。而洋男人卻覺得中國女人太實際，太依賴男人。

　　B：我曾經(jīng)讀過一篇關(guān)于一個中國女孩的文章，講她嫁給一個美國男人的故事。女孩子拋棄所?

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　　校?獎本┯胝飧瞿腥俗≡諞黃�。�?磺竽腥嗽誚鵯?系陌鎦??膊豢克?娜寺齬叵擔(dān)??攬孔砸訓(xùn)氖杖攵鐐炅擻⒂錙嘌悼緯蹋?業(yè)攪頌迕嫻墓ぷ鰲５閉飧瞿腥飼肭笈?⒓薷??保?嫠咚??"你和那些中國女孩不同，他們都太想依靠男人。"

　　A：中國人認(rèn)為兩個人相愛就應(yīng)該有福同享，有難同當(dāng)。洋男人看著女人獨自打拼而不管不顧令中國女人感到不可思議。有時候我懷疑，強調(diào)女人獨立這是不是洋男人為逃避責(zé)任而找的借口。無論如何，嫁這樣的洋男人，得到的是小禮物，失去的卻是終生依靠。除非你做好了獨自面對所有難題的準(zhǔn)備。像那位嫁給美國人的女孩，對她來講，不論是心力還是體力，都有太多的不確定因素了。

　　B：所幸的是，中國男人也開始為他們的女友買禮物了。這就是為什么情人節(jié)的鮮花賣出天價的原因。

　　A：你似乎是說中國的男人比洋男人完美許多，也可靠許多。

　　47 The Monkey King VsHarry Potter孫悟空PK哈利?波特

　　A：I read in the press that some people are thinking of making Sun Wu Kong, the Monkey King, an international star, just like Harry Potter. Their argument is that the Monkey King is a lot more talented and capable than Harry and could be a big hit for audiences outside China.

　　B：In China, the Monkey King is a household name. Everybody knows he uses a magical golden stick as a weapon and can be transformed into 72 alter egos.

　　A：But many young people seem to like Harry Potter better. Harry is real and shares a lot of things in common with them. For example, he has conflicts with his teachers and classmates and he has his own best friends. The Monkey King, on the other hand, is born out of a stone. He doesn't feel happy like an ordinary person, nor get angry like them. He doesn't interact with other people either. He does not have the familiarity which people find in Harry.

　　B：That's an interesting observation. Western characters like Superman, Spiderman and Batman, all have the qualities of an ordinary person. Even Tarzan has a sweetheart and friends. Those characters are very brave and always ready to help. In comparison, the Monkey King is a lone ranger. His only job is to protect his master, a saint. Although he rebels against the authority, the character lacks the worldly conflict between good and evil. As a result, he seems less approachable than Harry.

　　A：Many students told me that they like Harry because he has a girlfriend. The same is true of Superman and Spiderman. The girls are the source of their courage. The Monkey King doesn't have love. Of the four characters in the novel Pilgrimage to the West, only Zhu Ba Jie has some interest in women but as a consequence he is always scolded and scorned. Most female characters in this novel are evil incarnations, being portrayed as temptations for the saint and his disciples. In traditional Chinese culture women used to be considered a source of evil.

　　B：So it seems that an intimate understanding of a worldly life and the righteousness of the superhero are the deciding factors in the popularity of these characters.

　　A：It certainly makes it easier for people to identify themselves with those super characters. A monkey born out of a stone doesn't seem to resonate with the vibes of modern society.

　　A：我在報上看到，有人計劃把孫悟空打造成一個國際明星，因為孫悟空的本領(lǐng)比哈利?波特大得多，在世界范圍內(nèi)一定能更火。

　　B：在中國，孫悟空是個家喻戶曉的名字。誰都知道他手中的金箍棒和七十二變本領(lǐng)。

　　A：但是許多年輕人似乎更喜歡哈利?波特。哈利?波特是個活生生的人，他有一般孩子的特點。比如他也和老師、同學(xué)發(fā)生沖突，有自己最好的朋友。孫悟空則是從石頭中誕生的，缺乏常人的喜怒哀樂和人際交往。他沒有人們在哈利?波特身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的相似性。

　　B：那倒是一個有趣的看法。西方的超人、蜘蛛俠、蝙蝠俠等形象都具有普通人的特征。既便是人猿泰山，也有他的戀人和朋友。他們非常勇敢，并且隨時準(zhǔn)備出手相助。相比較而言，孫悟空是一個孤膽英雄。他肩負(fù)著護衛(wèi)圣人取經(jīng)的職責(zé)，雖然他也反叛權(quán)威，但是缺少了俗世常有的善惡沖突。孫悟空的形象與哈利?波特比，少了親近感。

　　A：許多學(xué)生告訴我，他們喜歡哈利?波特，因為他有女朋友。超人和蜘蛛俠的故事也如此。這些女性給予英雄們力量。但孫悟空沒有愛情�！段饔斡洝分械膸熗剿娜耍�只有豬八戒對女人有興趣，卻總是被其他人嘲弄或斥責(zé)。這部小說中的女性多數(shù)是妖怪，是用來誘惑圣人和他的徒弟們的。她們是中國古人觀念中的禍水。

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　　B：看來，決定一個超級英雄能否被更廣泛接受的主要因素，是他們易于親近的特性和崇高的品行。

　　A：超級英雄因為與人類的相似而易于被接受，石頭縫里生出來的猴子似乎很難與人產(chǎn)生共鳴。

　　48 New Year Movies賀歲片

　　49 Globalization of Spots體育運動的全球化

　　50 NBA：Popular or Privileged？NBA：大眾還是精英？