IBT寫(xiě)作：句法組織常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題分析

　　句法組織對(duì)與IBT寫(xiě)作能起到非常大的幫助作用，因?yàn)橐黄獙?xiě)作文法組織得當(dāng)，用詞恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恼赂�能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)考生在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法方面的掌握能力，更能體現(xiàn)出考生使用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言對(duì)某一問(wèn)題和看法闡述自己觀點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)言能力和技巧，而IBT寫(xiě)作部分所要考察考生的一個(gè)終極目的便是評(píng)測(cè)考生是否能在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的課堂環(huán)境或是學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境中使用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出流利而出色的學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告的能力，因此考生需要加強(qiáng)對(duì)寫(xiě)作中語(yǔ)言能力，尤其是英語(yǔ)句法的學(xué)習(xí)和把握。

　　一般來(lái)講，考生容易在寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)的文法及句法錯(cuò)誤有以下方面，本文著重從英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)這些錯(cuò)誤依次進(jìn)行舉例分析：

　　結(jié)構(gòu)不平行: I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books.當(dāng)使用連詞將一系列的單詞聯(lián)接起來(lái)的時(shí)候，應(yīng)當(dāng)使用詞性相同或同一類型的短語(yǔ)。

　　段落過(guò)長(zhǎng),不分段,主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞一致問(wèn)題： She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time.主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞在數(shù)方面不一致。

　　句子別扭：We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed.措辭過(guò)長(zhǎng)或不清。換言之，句子顯得滑稽可笑。

　　關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)重復(fù)：Since I want to go to a good school, therefore I am trying to raise my test scores.不能在該句的主要主語(yǔ)和主要?jiǎng)釉~前使用連詞。

　　句子不完整： Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high school.句子沒(méi)有主要主語(yǔ)或主要?jiǎng)釉~，因?yàn)槠鋵?shí)它應(yīng)是一個(gè)從句。這是一個(gè)非常常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，修改的方法是將兩個(gè)句子連接起來(lái)。

　　介詞多余： I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here. In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband.在表示這種意思時(shí)此單詞不能與介詞連用。這種情況常見(jiàn)于downtown，home，there，here等詞。這些詞語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中是副詞而非名詞，因而不能在它們前面添加介詞。

　　重復(fù)冗余：Personally，I believe what the newspaper prints. 一種意思的表述不止一次，或者某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)不必要。

　　單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤：Many year ago, dinosaur roamed the Earths.單詞需要從單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，或者由復(fù)數(shù)變成單數(shù)。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨(dú)使用，應(yīng)該將其變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式或者加上限定詞（a, the, my, his, her, Gary"s, no, any, 1, 3, 50, most,等等）。

　　拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤,主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞或賓語(yǔ)有問(wèn)題：I want to buy something for my mother that she will like it. There was a terrible accident happen yesterday.句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有問(wèn)題, 缺少主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞或賓語(yǔ)，或者這些成分重復(fù)。

　　語(yǔ)氣與文章不符：I was kind of mad at the guy who vociferated angry words at me. I have heard many wonderful things about such cosmopolitan cities as Paris, London, Tokyo, and Hong Kong and I would love to visit these cities to check them out.語(yǔ)氣與文章其他部分不相符, 可能是過(guò)于正式或者太不正式。

　　代詞指代不明：If people do not speak the same language, it has a greater chance of miscommunication. I intend to complete my studies in the United States because they have good programs there. 代詞所指代的指示詞（介詞所代替的名詞）不清楚。

　　過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)： We should use our resources on Earth because the Earth is getting worse.句子或它所表達(dá)的意思過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)，不能提供多少信息。

　　動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤：Yesterday I will go to the store because tomorrow I needed some food.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不正確檢查一下是應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)還是完成時(shí)等等。

　　選詞不恰當(dāng)：I was late getting home because I lost my way.在這種情況下不應(yīng)該使用該詞可選擇更好的詞語(yǔ)或者所使用的詞語(yǔ)與文章的總體語(yǔ)氣不符。

　　單詞形式不當(dāng)：I want to creation a great web site so that I can becoming wealth.所使用的單詞的形式不正確檢查一下應(yīng)該使用該詞的名詞、形容詞或副詞形式的哪一種。

　　用詞錯(cuò)誤：Even I don’t speak Spanish, I was able to find a bathroom in the department　store. I gained a lot of pounds during vacation.用詞錯(cuò)誤或在此種情況下該詞不是最佳用詞。