運(yùn)用邏輯 征服新托福口語(yǔ)

　　在新托�？谡Z(yǔ)考試中，高分考生的答案普遍都具有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，那就是清晰（clear）和連貫（coherent）。特別是在學(xué)術(shù)感很強(qiáng)的Task6部分，考生沒有了閱讀材料作參考，只能完全依賴聽力材料, 難度增加的同時(shí)，能否表達(dá)的清晰連貫就更加重要了。在緊張的，有嚴(yán)格時(shí)間限制的考試過(guò)程中要做到這兩個(gè)要求，一個(gè)最為行之有效的方法便是使用邏輯感非常強(qiáng)烈的句型。在本文中，朗閣海外考試研究中心將主要針對(duì)新托福口語(yǔ)part 6，通過(guò)一些常見真題來(lái)探討一下最能體現(xiàn)邏輯感的四大狀語(yǔ)從句（即時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步）在考試當(dāng)中的運(yùn)用，從而幫助考生們有效展現(xiàn)清晰和連貫的語(yǔ)言能力。

　　一．四大條件狀語(yǔ)從句

　　1.       時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 【adverbial clause of time】：

　　常用引導(dǎo)詞：When, while, as, after, before, as soon as, since, till

　　2.       原因狀語(yǔ)從句 【adverbial clause of cause】：

　　常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for

　　特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that

　　3.       條件狀語(yǔ)從句 【adverbial clause of condition】

　　常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,

　　特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that

　　4.       讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 【adverbial clause of concession】

　　常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though

　　特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

　　二．Task 6真題示范講解

　　題目簡(jiǎn)介：

　　【講課要點(diǎn)】：心理學(xué)

　　講兒童情緒。不僅只是高興與否，也會(huì)情緒轉(zhuǎn)移。

　　【舉例說(shuō)明】：

　　許多孩子在同一房間。如果一個(gè)哭，另一個(gè)也會(huì)哭，然后更多的孩子一起哭。人們以為這是對(duì)外界環(huán)境---噪音的反應(yīng)。

　　一個(gè)成人和一個(gè)孩子玩。成人哭了，孩子并不哭。這證明原來(lái)孩子哭是表示同情，而不是由于外界的吵鬧。

　　然后研究也表明：孩子聽別人的哭聲的錄音帶，孩子會(huì)哭；孩子聽自己的哭聲的錄音帶，孩子不哭。

　　回答演示1：

　　The lecture tells us about children’s emotion. They are not only happy or angry, but also show empathy of others. Then the professor goes on to explain that by giving two examples. One is that many children are in the same room and a child starts to cry, another one also starts to cry and more children join it soon. So people think this is caused by environment but not noise. Another example is that an adult plays with a child. He starts to cry, but the baby does not cry. This is against the previous conclusion that noise makes the child cry. Actually，this is an emotional-empathy，that is，they have sympathy for other children. Research has also shown that one tape with other baby’s crying makes the baby cries. But another tape of his own crying doesn’t make the baby cry. Therefore, babies cry because empathy of others. They concern about others.

　　答案解析：

　　新托�？谡Z(yǔ)Task 6中，最常出現(xiàn)的題型就是這種現(xiàn)象——舉例式題目，我們可以看到在這個(gè)范例中，雖然考生將聽力材料中的重要信息都涵蓋在答案里，而且沒有出現(xiàn)任何明顯的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，但是因?yàn)槿鄙俦匾�的邏輯連接詞，整個(gè)表達(dá)給我們一種非常凌亂的感覺，毫無(wú)任何連貫和清晰可言。這也是很多考生之所以雖然將筆記記得非常詳細(xì)，卻依然拿不到理想分?jǐn)?shù)的主要原因。

　　回答演示2：

　　The lecture tells us about children’s emotion. They are not only happy or angry, but also show empathy of others. Then the professor goes on to explain that by giving two examples. One is that many children are in the same room. When a child starts to cry, another will also start to cry and more children join it later on. So people think this is because of the environment, but not noise. Another example is that an adult plays with a child. When he starts to cry, the baby does not cry. This is against the previous conclusion that the child cries due to the noise. Actually this is because of an emotional-empathy. The children cry because they show empathy for other children. Research has also shown this----- if a baby listens to one tape with other baby’s crying, the baby cries. If a baby hears another tape of his own crying, the baby does not cry. Therefore, babies cry because they feel empathy of others. They concern about others.

　　答案解析：

　　在這個(gè)回答范例中，我們?cè)谠瓉?lái)答案的基礎(chǔ)上加入了若干表示原因，讓步，條件邏輯關(guān)系的連接詞，構(gòu)成了狀語(yǔ)從句，可以很明顯感到改動(dòng)后的答案體現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)烈的邏輯感，前后句的關(guān)系更加緊密，語(yǔ)意立刻變得清晰，連貫，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)使考生能夠把lecture的內(nèi)容解釋清楚。

　　接下來(lái)我們來(lái)看另一道真題演示，體會(huì)這些狀語(yǔ)從句的作用：

　　題目簡(jiǎn)介：

　　【講課要點(diǎn)】： 科技類

　　科技課。講了發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的兩種出現(xiàn)方式

　　【舉例說(shuō)明】：

　　有意出現(xiàn)

　　無(wú)意出現(xiàn)。

　　然后分別用雙焦眼鏡（bifocal glasses）和 X-rays 舉例說(shuō)明。

　　回答演示：

　　In the lecture, the professor tells about the new technolgy’s coming up and changing in our daily life. He explains that there are two ways in which those inventions and innovations happen: intentionally and accidentally. Then he takes bifocal glasses for example to show intentional discoveries. Before the bifocal glasses were invented, people had to carry two pairs of glasses wherever they went. One was for seeing things far away, and the other for closer views. Therefore when bifocal glasses were invented, they immediately became popular among many people because of the great convenience provided.

　　He goes on to give another example of accidental innovation. When people first encountered X-ray in the lab, the scientists had no idea of what this finding meant, or where to put this discovery into application.

　　通過(guò)以上的陳述以及范例講解，希望考生們可以充分體會(huì)并理解，在口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的清晰與連貫性上，四大狀語(yǔ)從句所起的至關(guān)重要的作用，并在考試中有效運(yùn)用，以助考生們獲得理想成績(jī)。