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每周一練:動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)(一)

來源:智康1對1 2014-09-30 13:13:20

  動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)(一)

  時態(tài):表示動作發(fā)生或存在狀態(tài)以及表現(xiàn)方式的一種動詞形式。

  語態(tài):用來說明主語和謂語之間關(guān)系的一種動詞形式。

  主動語態(tài)表示句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者或行為的主體;

  被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者或行為的對象

  英語中,在不同時間,以不同的方式發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)要用動詞的不同形式表現(xiàn)出來,動詞的這些不同形式構(gòu)成了動詞的時態(tài)。一般來說,發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在的事情用現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)進行描述,發(fā)生在過去的事情,用過去的時態(tài)進行描述,將要發(fā)生的事情用將來的時態(tài)進行描述。英語中的時態(tài)共計16種,常用的有12種。


  

    在高中階段,我們將會主要學(xué)習(xí)到的時態(tài)有:一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時。本次課我們主要講解一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時以及一般將來時

  一.一般現(xiàn)在時

  1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)

  肯定形式:

  ①be動詞:am/is/are

 、谛袨閯釉~:動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)。

  否定形式:

 、賏m/is/are+not

  ②don't/doesn't+動詞原形+……

  一般疑問句:

 、侔裝e動詞放于句首

  ②Do/Does+…+動詞原形+…?

  特殊疑問句:

  特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句

  2.一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成:


  3.基本用法:

  ① 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語有:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays等。

  例:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

 、 表示客觀真理,客觀存在或科學(xué)事實,以及格言或名言警句中。如:

  The earth moves around the sun.

  Shanghai lies in the east of China.

  Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。

 、 表示愛好、能力、性格、個性。

  I like Chinese food.

  I don't want so much.

  Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

  4. 特殊用法

  ① 一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時

  1. 時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。如:when, before, after, till, once, as soon as, if, in case (that), unless,等。

  He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。I will call you as soon as I go back home. 我一到家就給你電話。

  注:1. 可以代替as soon as表示一……就的詞語:the moment、the minute、immediately、instantly

  2. 主句部分除了用一般將來時,還可以用祈使句以及情態(tài)動詞

  例:If you have any problem, please contact me. (主祈從現(xiàn))

  If you have any problem, you can contact me.(主情從現(xiàn))

  3. not…until用法總結(jié):

  A. sb didn't do sth until sb did sth.

  I didn't go home until I finished my homework yesterday. 我昨天直到完成作業(yè)才回家

  B. sb won't do sth until sb do/does sth.(主將從現(xiàn))

  I won't leave until you come tomorrow. 我明天會直到你過來才會離開。

  練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子

  1. 昨天修理完桌椅后,我們才回家。

  答案:We didn't go home until we finished repairing desks and tables.

  2. 有時候,直到珍貴的時刻成為了回憶,你才會真正認識到它的價值所在。

  答案:Sometimes, you won't know the true value of a moment until it becomes a memory.

  2. 用于表示較固定的,按計劃、規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作,但只限于begin, come, go, leave, arrive, stop, return, close, open, take, start, take place 等少數(shù)動作。

  例:The train leaves Beijing at six and arrives at Jinan at nine.

 、 一般現(xiàn)在時代替進行時

  句型:Here comes… ;  There goes…

  例:Look, here comes Mr. Li.

  There goes the bell.

  二. 一般過去時

  1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)

  肯定形式:

  ① be動詞:was / were …

 、 行為動詞:動詞的過去式

  否定形式:

 、 was/ were + not

  ② didn't +動詞原形

  一般疑問句:

 、 was或were放于句首

  ② Did + … + 動詞原形……?

  特殊疑問句:

  特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句

  2. 動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)成:

  規(guī)則動詞的變化:

  規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法是相同的。



  3. 用法

 、 表示過去某一具體時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常用的時間狀語有l(wèi)ast year, yesterday, just now, in +過去年份, a few years ago, in the past.

  例:Yesterday, I saw my friends off at the airport.

  ② 表示過去的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài),常用的時間狀語有always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never等

  例:I always got up late and never had enough time for breakfast when I was a child.

  三. 一般將來時

  結(jié)構(gòu)+用法

  ① "will/ shall + 動詞原形"構(gòu)成將來時,表示將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)。shall僅用于第一人稱I/we作主語,而will 則用于各種人稱。常用于將來時的時間狀語有:next time, tomorrow, this afternoon, before long,in the future, soon, the day after tomorrow.

  例:I shall visit my teacher when I go to Beijing.

 、 "be going to + 動詞原形",表示打算、計劃、安排做某事。

  例:We are going to hold a sports meet next weekend.

 、 begin, leave, arrive, start, finish, meet, return等動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時,表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事。(時刻表)

  例:Flight 55 leaves at six p.m.

 、 leave, go, come, stay, do, take, have 等動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時,表示按計劃或準備要做某事。

  例:She is leaving early tomorrow morning. 明天她很早就出發(fā)。

 、 "be to + 動詞原形",表示即將發(fā)生某事、安排做某事或要求做某事。

  例:The meeting is to take place at 8:00 tomorrow.

 、 "be about + to+動詞原形",表示即將發(fā)生某事,不與具體的將來時間狀語連用

  例:Hurry up! The train for Shanghai is about to start.

  注意:1. shall/will do和be going to do的區(qū)別

  shall/will do表示一種趨勢或習(xí)慣性動作,或預(yù)言將要發(fā)生的事,或表示臨時性打算等。

  Fish will die without water.(趨勢)

  He will sit there doing nothing for hours.(習(xí)慣動作)

  We haven't seen each other for a long time. Shall we have a dinner tonight?(臨時性的打算)

  be going to do表示提前計劃、安排好的事情,或者表示有跡象發(fā)生

  We are going to have a meeting at 8:00 tomorrow.(計劃、安排)

  Look at these clouds! It's going to rain.(跡象發(fā)生事情)

  2. 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來和現(xiàn)在進行時表將來的區(qū)別

  一般現(xiàn)在時表示計劃、安排將要發(fā)生事情的時候主語通常為物(火車、飛機等-時刻表,有具體的時刻)

  The train leaves Beijing at 7:00.

  現(xiàn)在進行時表示計劃、安排將要發(fā)生事情的時候主語通常為人。

  They are having a meeting tonight.

  練一練

  1. 觀察下列例句,將序號填入對應(yīng)用法之后的空白欄中

  A. 一般現(xiàn)在時

  ① All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.

 、 The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m.

  ③ Unless it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.

  ④ Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.

 、 He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.

 、 We always care for each other and help each other.

 、 She is a teacher.

 、 -Do you sing? -A little.


 

  B. 一般過去時

 、 I didn't know you bought the present for me.

 、 The Great Wall came into being in 221BC.

 、 We used to get up at five every morning when we were at school.

  ④ When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.

 、 The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.



 

  C. 一般將來時

 、 If you are going to do it, you had better do it well.

 、 If you will wait here, the manager will be back 10 minutes later.

  ③ We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.

 、 He will be thirty years old next year.

 、 No one is to leave the cinema without the police's permission

  ⑥ The train is about to start.

 、 Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.

 、 Will we clone a dinosaur?

 、 You forgot to turn off the light!-Really, I will go and turn it off.



  2. 單項選擇

  1. Please give Jim the schedule for tomorrow's conference when he _____ back. He is to chair the conference.

  A. will come     B. came              C. comes               D. is coming

  2. Mr. Brown _____ his office an hour ago and he is still on his way home.

  A. left       B. leaves        C. is leaving            D. was leaving

  3. Mr. Black ______Shanghai in a few days. Do you know when the earliest plane _____ on Sunday?

  A. leaves; takes off                         B. is leaving; takes off

  C. is leaving; is taking off                    D. leaves; is taking off

  4. --- Do you have any plans for this Sunday?

  --- Yes. I ____ my cousin who has just returned from America.

  A. visit              B. am visiting         C. would visit        D was visiting

  5. --- I am trying to find yesterday's newspaper. Have you seen it ?

  --- I am afraid that I ______ it away .I thought you had finished reading it .

  A. threw      B. had thrown          C. throw        D. will throw

  6. You can not go out to play unless you ______your homework .

  A. finished       B. will finish          C. finish      D. are finishing

  7. He looks excited because his parents ___________to her birthday party this weekend .

  A. come       B. have come             C. are coming           D. could come

  8. ---Have you seen your aunt recently ?

  ---Yes. I       to visit her last night.

  A. went              B. was going            C. has gone            D. will go

  9. --- Look at that beautiful sky!

  --- It looks like it        a wonderful day.

  A. was        B. will be             C. is going to be          D. would be

  10. Donny helped us get the tickets. We __________to Guangzhou next Wednesday.

  A. flew                B. fly                C. are flying          D. will have flown

  11. Hurry up! The train __________ at 7:00.

  A. leaves             B. left                   C. was leaving          D. leave

  12. It has been well accepted by most English learners that practice _______ perfect.

  A. made                B. will make             C. makes             D. make

  13. --- How can I apply for an online course?

  --- Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you.

  A. see                   B. are seeing            C. have seen          D. will see

  14. - Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya? - Who _______ it?

  A. writes               B. has written         C. wrote              D. had written

  15. Scientists have many theories about how the universe ___ into being.

  A. came              B. was coming            C. had come           D. would come

  3. 翻譯練習(xí)

  ① 他并不總是在6點鐘下班,有時他會工作到7點。

  ___________________________________________________________________________

 、 機會總是青睞有準備的人。

  ___________________________________________________________________________

 、 如果她來看我,我會很高興。

  ___________________________________________________________________________

  ④ 那個年輕人把座位讓給了一位老大爺。

  ___________________________________________________________________________

 、 你畢業(yè)之后想要干什么。

  ___________________________________________________________________________

 、 他們明晚出發(fā)去上海。

  ___________________________________________________________________________
 

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