高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專講專練[八]

    抓主干，理枝葉

    長(zhǎng)難句增加，是近年高考閱讀理解試題不可忽視的現(xiàn)象之一。英語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)句可分為兩類：含有數(shù)量較多的定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句和含有數(shù)量較多的各種從句的并列句或復(fù)合句。閱讀長(zhǎng)句的基本方法是抓主干，理枝葉。抓主干就是抓句子的主體部分，也就是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，它們是傳達(dá)信息的主要載體；理枝葉就是分析句子的附加部分，不論它們有多長(zhǎng)，有多復(fù)雜，它們都是輔助成分，我們只要明確它們與主體的關(guān)系就可以了。如：

   The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains, and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have ever been invented.

   這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句的主干就是The moon is far from the earth，其他部分，如狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句等，都是為突出主題服務(wù)的。

   Passage A

   閱讀理解

   The Winter Olympics, which is also called the White Olympics, were first held as a separate competition in 1924 at Chamonix?Mont?Blanc, France. At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great games. The first stamp marking the opening of the White Olympics was issued (發(fā)行) on January 25, 1932 in the United States to celebrate the third White Olympics.① From then on, issuing stamps during the White Olympics became a tradition.

   To observe the fourth Winter Olympic Games,② a group of stamps were published in Germany in November, 1935. The five rings of the Olympics were printed on the front of the sportswear. It was the first time that the symbol (象征) appeared on stamps of the Winter Olympics.

   In the 1950s, the stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the Winter Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non?host countries published stamps to mark those games.

   China also published four stamps in February, 1980, when the Chinese sportsmen began to march into the area of the White Olympics.

   Japan is the only country in Asia that has ever held the White Olympics. Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise funds(經(jīng)費(fèi)) for this sports meet.

   Different kinds of sports were printed on these small stamps. People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some athletics.

   根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

   1. People have published stamps marking the Winter Olympics____ .

   A. since the first White Olympics in 1932

   B. when the first Olympics games started

   C. since the third Winter Olympics in 1932

   D. on the same day of the third Olympics

   2. From the passage we can see that____ .

   A. the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the Winter Olympics in 1980

   B. it was in 1980 that the Chinese began to publish stamps

   C. the Chinese began to take part in the Olympics games in the 1980s

   D. China held the Winter Olympics in 1980

   3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

   A. The third Winter Olympics opened on January 25, 1932.

   B. Publishing stamps is a way of raising money for the sports meet.

   C. In Asia only Japan held the Winter Olympics.

   D. In the 1950s all the countries published stamps to mark the games.

   難句注釋

   ① The first stamp marking the opening of the White Olympics was issued on January 25, 1932 in the United States to celebrate the third White Olympics.

   Total words:226

   Reading time:____

   Reading speed: ____

   為了慶祝第3屆冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)，紀(jì)念其開(kāi)幕的第一枚郵票于1932年1月25日在美國(guó)發(fā)行。

   ② to observe the fourth Winter Olympic Games 為了慶祝第四屆冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

   observe意為“舉行；慶祝”。

   Passage B

   閱讀理解

   Today, roller skating (旱冰) is easy and fun, and it is popular throughout the world. People roller skate outside on paths and roads, and inside in rinks. But a long time ago, it wasn?t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn?t exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin's work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man full of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.

   One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball (化裝舞會(huì)). He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance (隆重出場(chǎng)) at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.

   Merlin tried different ways to make himself fool.① Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.②

   On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was surprised to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking into pieces.③ Nobody forgot Merlin?s grand entrance for a long time!

   根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

   1. The text is mainly about____.

   A. a strange man

   B. an unusual party

   C. how roller skating began

   D. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century

   2. People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he____ .

   A. often gave others surprisesB. was a gifted (有天賦的) musician

   C. invented the roller skatesD. was full of imagination

   3. Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to .

   A. draw the guests? attentionB. arrive at the party sooner

   C. test his inventionD. show his skill in walking on wheels

   4. What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?

   A. The roller skates needed further improvement.

   B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool.

   C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation(超出預(yù)料).

   D. Merlin got himself into trouble.

   難句注釋

   ① Merlin tried different ways to make himself fool.

   默林嘗試不同的方法使自己看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)滑稽。

   Total words:261

   Reading time:____

   Reading speed: ____

   ② Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.

   默林為他的發(fā)明感到非常驕傲，并且夢(mèng)想滑著輪子演奏小提琴出現(xiàn)在晚會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

   be proud of 因 …… 驕傲

   dream of doing sth.夢(mèng)想做某事

   ③ Down fell the mirror, breaking into pieces.

   鏡子掉了下來(lái)，摔成了碎片。

   Passage C

   閱讀理解

   Dwight W. Morrow was an American ambassador (大使) to Mexico during the 1920s. He is remembered as a smart diplomat (外交家).① He is also remembered by his family and friends for his absent?mindedness (心不在焉).

   Once while on a train, a conductor came to Morrow, asking for his ticket. He began to search his pockets. No ticket appeared. Morrow began searching his suitcase. “Never mind, sir.” said the conductor, seeing how anxious Morrow was becoming and trying to comfort (安慰) him. “When you find your ticket just post it to the station. I'm sure you have it somewhere.”

   “I'm sure, too.” said the diplomat as he went on with his search. “But I must find it. I need to know where I'm going!”

   Another time Morrow got off a train in New York and hurried to a telegraph office, where, feeling not unlike a small boy who had got lost,② he sent the following to his secretary: “I am in New York but don?t know why.” Within minutes came the short reply: “You are not supposed to be in New York. You should be in Princeton giving a lecture.”

   根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

   1. The passage mainly shows Morrow's ____.

   A. cleverness as a diplomat B. foolishness

   C. sense of humor (幽默感) D. absent?mindedness

   2. Morrow was very upset (不安) when he couldn?t find the ticket because____.

   A. he had forgotten where he was going

   B. he would be punished if he couldn?t show his ticket

   C. the conductor looked impatient(不耐煩的)

   D. the conductor might think he was lying

   3. When Morrow got off the train in New York, ____.

   A. he forgot the address

   B. he forget his suitcase

   C. he did not know that he was in a wrong city

   D. his secretary wasn?t there to meet him

   難句注釋

   ① He is remembered as a smart diplomat.

   在別人的記憶中，他是個(gè)精明的外交家。

   Total words:202

   Reading time:____

   Reading speed: ____

   ② ...feeling not unlike a small boy who

   had got lost... 感覺(jué)不啻于一個(gè)迷路的小男孩……

   Passage D

   完形填空

   “A robbery (搶劫案)...” a voice came from the radio. John was driving home late last night from a trip, and now he was having trouble staying 1 .① He turned 2 the radio and tried to fix his attention on the 3 , but his eyes kept on closing.

   It was 4 that he noticed the hitchhiker (搭便車者) by the road.② 5 even thinking about what he was doing, he stopped the car.

   “To Midrille?” “Get in.” The hitchhiker got in and immediately John was 6 that he had picked him up. The young man 7 a strange face and long hair. When John asked him questions about himself, he changed the 8 .

   John 9 the news. He began to sweat (出汗) and his thoughts 10 nervously (緊張地) to all the money he was 11 .

   At the next small town he stopped his car and said, “I?m sorry. I?m so 12 that I can?t drive you to Midrille. I think I?ll find a 13 and spend the night.”

   The young man slowly 14 into his pocket. “This is it!” thought John. At that 15 moment he considered shouting for help, but instead of a gun, the hitchhiker pulled out several 16 . “Oh, no. I don't want your money. Just get out. Okay?”

   The young man looked 17 . He insisted on 18 John the money. John watched until his 19 had disappeared from sight, then stepped on the 20 and drove out of town.③

   根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

   1. A. asleepB. earlyC. strongD. awake

   2. A. on B. offC. up D. over

   3. A. outside B. news C. speed D. way

   4. A. there B. earlier C. then D. moment

   5. A. Without B. After C. By D. For

   6. A. happy B. sad C. angry D. sorry

   7. A. wore B. owned C. had D. made

   8. A. place B. subject C. question D. face

   9. A. remembered B. thought C. heard D. forgot

   10. A. got B. arrived C. changed D. turned

   11. A. paying B. having C. carrying D. borrowing

   12. A. afraid B. hungry C. cold D. sleepy

   13. A. restaurant B. shop C. hotel D. station

   14. A. reached B. forced C. got D. put

   15. A. important B. very C. long D. short

   16. A. knives B. photos C. handkerchiefs D. bills

   17. A. frightened B. puzzled C. worried D. curious

   18. A. giving B. offering C. handing D. returning

   19. A. driver B. friend C. passenger D. thief

   20. A. door B. gas C. window D. motor

   難句注釋

   ①...and now he was having trouble staying awake. 現(xiàn)在他很難保持清醒。

   ② It was then that he noticed the hitchhiker by the road.

   就在那時(shí)他注意到馬路邊有個(gè)搭便車者。

   此句是It is/was...that...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

   ③ John watched until his passenger had disappeared from sight, then stepped on the gas and drove out of town.

   約翰一直注視著他的乘客直到他消失在視線之外，然后踩足油門駛出了小鎮(zhèn)。

   Passage A

   本文介紹了為慶祝冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的召開(kāi)，各國(guó)常發(fā)行一些紀(jì)念郵票。

   1. C. 根據(jù)文章的第三句可知。

   2. A. 中國(guó)在1980年第一次參加冬奧會(huì)。

   3. D. 其他三項(xiàng)原文都有提到。

   Passage B

   本文介紹了滑旱冰這一體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的由來(lái)。

   1. C. 本文的話題是旱冰運(yùn)動(dòng)的起源。

   2. D. 一個(gè)充滿夢(mèng)想的人。

   3. A. 目的是為了引人注目。

   4. C. 根據(jù)“Nobody forgot Merlin?s grand entrance for a long time!”可知Merlin取得了超出他預(yù)想的成功。

   Passage C

   本文介紹了一位精明的外交家心不在焉的兩個(gè)軼事，從側(cè)面反映其不拘小節(jié)。

   1. D. 根據(jù)本文所舉的幾個(gè)例子可以看出本文主要講Morrow的absent?mindedness。

   2. A. 從“I need to know where I?m going!”可得出正確答案。

   3. C. 本文最后一句話表明了這一點(diǎn)。 be supposed to...應(yīng)該……

   Passage D

   本文記敘了John在旅行回家途中讓一個(gè)人搭便車，卻誤認(rèn)為他會(huì)搶劫而在半路讓其下車的事。

   1. D. stay awake 指“保持清醒的狀態(tài)”，下文有暗示。

   2. C. 開(kāi)大音量以驅(qū)去睡意。注意收音機(jī)已開(kāi)。

   3. B. 收音機(jī)播放有關(guān)搶劫的新聞。

   4. C. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間“then”，意為“就在那時(shí)候”。

   5. A. without thinking 意為“不假思索”。外國(guó)人有讓人搭便車的習(xí)慣。

   6. D. 他立刻覺(jué)得后悔了。

   7. C. had此處意為“長(zhǎng)著……”。

   8. B. subject 意為“談話的主題”。改變?cè)掝}。

   9. A. 記起了剛才的新聞。

   10. D. 思想轉(zhuǎn)向身上的錢。

   11. C. carry意為“攜帶的”。

   12. D. 根據(jù)第一小節(jié)中“he was having trouble staying awake”得出sleepy (瞌睡的)。

   13. C. 根據(jù)后文的“spend the night”來(lái)推測(cè)應(yīng)是找“旅館”。

   14. A. reach into his pocket意為“把手伸進(jìn)口袋”。

   15. B. very在此處用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，意為“正是；就是”。

   16. D. bill意為“紙幣”，英國(guó)人常用note。

   17. B. looked puzzled意為“看上去迷惑不解”。他不明白為什么司機(jī)不要他的錢。

   18. A. giving意為“給”；offering意為“主動(dòng)提供”，往往是出于幫助而行善。

   19. C. 此空格根據(jù)his應(yīng)選passenger意為“他的乘客”。

   20. B. step on the gas意為“踩油門”

   1. When the Winter Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non?host countries published stamps to mark those games. 當(dāng)冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)來(lái)臨時(shí)，主辦國(guó)以及非主辦國(guó)都要發(fā)行郵票來(lái)紀(jì)念冬奧會(huì)。(Line 17,    Passage A)

   英語(yǔ)中可用as well as來(lái)表示“也；和”的概念。如：

   The meeting is important for you as well as for me.

   這個(gè)會(huì)議對(duì)我重要對(duì)你也重要。

   Small towns as well as big cities are developing quickly.

   小鎮(zhèn)和城市一樣都在迅速地發(fā)展。

   A as well as B 重點(diǎn)在A，因此該結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要隨A的人稱、數(shù)而變化。如：

   His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.

   不但他太太，連他的孩子們都被邀參加了那次聚會(huì)。

   詞組as well作“也”講時(shí)，通常只出現(xiàn)在句尾。如：

   He sent me a letter and some money as well.

   他寄給我一封信，外加一些錢。

   2. Down fell the mirror, breaking into pieces. 鏡子掉了下來(lái)，跌成碎片。(Line 17, Passage B)

   以out, in, up, down, off, away等副詞開(kāi)頭，謂語(yǔ)是go, come, leave, fall等表示“移動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

   Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。

   In came a stranger in black. 進(jìn)來(lái)了一位穿黑衣的陌生人。

   Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。

   但主語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞，則用正常語(yǔ)序。如：

   Out she went. 她走了。