高考英語復(fù)習(xí):高考英語單選陷阱題:知識死角型
2009-05-26 14:05:17網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源
所謂知識死角,即指某些知識點(diǎn),同學(xué)們平時沒有引起足夠重視,或一知半解,或“一竅不通”,從而導(dǎo)致做題出錯。當(dāng)然,若這些知識點(diǎn)都是些很偏、很怪、很不重要的知識點(diǎn)也沒關(guān)系,但問題是,有些這樣的知識點(diǎn)不僅是一些常用詞的常見用法,而且還是各類考試的常考點(diǎn),所以同學(xué)們就很有必要把這些問題弄清楚、搞明白。下面我們舉幾個例子來看一看:
1.許多同學(xué)對whether與if的區(qū)別都有所了解,如:引導(dǎo)主語從句且放在句首時,通常要用whether;引導(dǎo)表語從句時,通常要用whether;引導(dǎo)賓語從句且放在句首時,通常要用whether;引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,通常要用whether;與or連用分別引導(dǎo)兩個從句時,通常要用whether;用于不定式之前時,通常要用whether;用于介詞之后時,通常要
用whether;直接與or not連用時,通常要用whether等等。同學(xué)們同時也知道,在引導(dǎo)賓語從句(且不置于句首)時,兩者?苫Q。但是,同學(xué)們可能忽略了一點(diǎn),即在某些動詞后(如discuss等)引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,通常要用whether,而不用if。?
2. I like English very much.是一句極為簡單的英語,它無疑是正確的,也是地道的;另外,我們也可以說I don't like English very much.或Do you like English very much?等。但是,我們卻不能說I like English much,盡管我們可以說I don't like English much或Do you like English much。你知道這是為什么嗎??
3.一般認(rèn)為,疑問詞總是放在句首的,但是否也可以放在句中呢?當(dāng)然像I don't know what to do這樣把what放在句中無疑是對的,但是可以說Who said what to whom?這樣的句子嗎??
本節(jié)搜集了部分典型的同學(xué)們?nèi)菀壮鲥e的“死角”知識題,詳解于后。
1.你知道as和while的這一點(diǎn)區(qū)別嗎?
“I'm going to the post office.” “_____ you're there, can you get me some stamps?”?
A. As B. While? C. Because D. If??
此題從句意看,A和B均可以填,因為它們均可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示“當(dāng)……的時候”,于是一些同學(xué)便隨便從A、B中選擇一項。結(jié)果是:選A者錯誤,選B者正確。為什么呢?因為as和while在引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句表示“當(dāng)……的時候”時,有一定的區(qū)別:as所引導(dǎo)的從句謂語通常應(yīng)是那些表示動作或發(fā)展意義的動詞,不能是be (是,在), have (有),like (喜歡),belong (屬于)等表示狀態(tài)或靜態(tài)意義的動詞;而while則無此限制。所以此題的最佳答案是B而不是A。請再看例句,答案均選while,不選as:?
(1) _____ you are at home alone, please don't leave the door open.?
A. While B. As C. Before D. How?
(2) _____ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her.?
A. While B. As C. After D. How
不過順便說一句,以上關(guān)于as的用法限制是針對它引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時而言的,它若引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,則無此限制。如:As he is young, we can't be too hard on him.于他還年輕,所以我們不能對他太苛刻。
2.這樣的省略你見過嗎?
The building must be saved, _____ the cost.?
A. what B. which? C. whatever D. Whichever
??此題正確答案為C,但許多同學(xué)對此感到無從下手。此題有兩個難點(diǎn):一是whatever的用法問題,二是此句的the cost后省略了動詞is。whatever有兩個用法,一是用以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,二是引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(此時也可換成no matter what)。如:?
Whatever he says seems reasonable.他無論說什么似乎都是有道理的。(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)?
Whatever he says, it seems reasonable.他無論說什么似乎都是有道理的。(引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,此句也可說成No matter what he says, it seems reasonable.)?
當(dāng)whatever在從句中作表語時,其后的動詞通常可以省略。如:?
Whatever his problems, he has no right to behave like that.不管他有什么問題,他也沒有權(quán)利那樣做。?
Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision.不管你怎么說,我的決定都不會變。
3.可說where is what嗎?
“Where is it?” “Where is _____? I don't know what do you mean?”
A. what B. that? C. where D. so
此題應(yīng)選A。許多同學(xué)認(rèn)為“疑問詞”只能出現(xiàn)在句首位置,對于選A認(rèn)為不可理解。其實在某些特殊語境中,疑問詞出現(xiàn)在句中甚至句末卻是完全可能的,但這多半是因為有特殊的語境或使用的句式比較特殊。上面一題選what的原因是:上句問Where is it?(它在什么地),但聽話人對此句中代詞it指代什么東西并不清楚,所以他反問:Where is what?(什么在什么地方?)其實,這類用法在口語中經(jīng)常使用。如:?
Who said what to whom?誰對誰說了什么??
“Who took it?” “Who took what?”“誰把它拿走了?”“誰把什么拿走了?”?
It was so dark I couldn't tell who was who.當(dāng)時一片漆黑,我分不清哪個是哪個。?
“We are ready. Let's begin.” “Ready for what?”“我們準(zhǔn)備好了,開始吧。”“準(zhǔn)備干什么?”?
“What are you going to do next fall?” “Next what?”“下一個秋季你打算要干什么?”“你說下一個什么?”?
They look exactly the same, and I really don't know which is which.它們看起來一模一樣,我實在分不清哪個是哪個。
4.discuss if還是discuss whether?
At the meeting, we discussed _____ we should employ more workers.?
A. if B. whether? C. that D.不填??
許多同學(xué)認(rèn)為,if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句表示“是否”時,兩者可互換,所以認(rèn)為A和B似乎都可選。其實,答案只能選B,因為,在某些動詞后習(xí)慣上要用whether來引導(dǎo)賓語從句,這類動詞最典型的就是discuss(討論),又如:?
They discussed whether they should leave at once.他們討論了是否應(yīng)該馬上離開。?
We discussed whether the house should be sold.我們討論了這房子是否應(yīng)賣掉。?
另外,動詞justify(提供充分的理由,證明……是對的)后有時也接whether從句,此時也不能用if代之,因為此時的whether并非是一個間接的疑問句。如:?
You have to justify whether your journey is really necessary.你得證明你的旅行是否是真的有必要。
5.在肯定句中通常不說like sth much?
The boy likes football _____, but doesn't like basketball_____.?
A. much, much B. much, very much? C. very much, much D. very much, very
許多同學(xué)只是認(rèn)為very much比much語氣強(qiáng),除此之外,其用法是完全一樣的。如果這樣想,那就錯了。按英語習(xí)慣,副詞much修飾動詞時,通常只用于否定句或疑問句中,不能用于肯定句中(除非其前有very, too, so之類的修飾語)。如:?
正:He doesn't like her much.(單個的much用于否定句,故對)?
正:He doesn't much like her.(單個的much用于否定句,故對)?
正:Does he like her much?(單個的much用于疑問句,故對)?
正:Does he much like her?(單個的much用于疑問句,故對)?
正:He likes her very[too, so]much.(much前有修飾語,故對)?
誤:He likes her much./He much likes her.(單個的much用于肯定句,且其前無修飾語,故錯)?
綜合以上分析,上題最佳答案應(yīng)為C。單個的much有時也能在肯定句中修飾動詞。但這類動詞只限于regret, admire, prefer, appreciate等個別動詞,且只能放在句中,不可放在句末。如:?
正:We much appreciate your invitation.我們非常感激你的邀請。?
誤:We appreciate your invitation much. (若改用very much則完全可以)