2008年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí):運(yùn)用上下文和構(gòu)詞法猜詞
2008-04-02 10:47:26城市快報(bào)
南開(kāi)中學(xué) 段勝利
在平時(shí)的閱讀和英語(yǔ)考試中,我們都會(huì)遇到生詞,這很正常,也不可避免。根據(jù)文章提供的上下文和掌握構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義,是我們學(xué)習(xí)和掌握英語(yǔ)必須具備的能力。對(duì)高考而言,這種能力尤為重要。從四年高考英語(yǔ)天津卷來(lái)看,閱讀理解試題中總有一些題要考查同學(xué)們根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜出生詞詞義或熟詞新義的能力。而從考試結(jié)果來(lái)看,猜詞題一直都是難度大,區(qū)分度高的試題。在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上得分,可以使自己的高考英語(yǔ)成績(jī)占有優(yōu)勢(shì)。2004年至2007年的試題中,在不同的語(yǔ)篇里,分別要猜collision,juvenile obesity,inheritable trait和compassion等四個(gè)詞(詞組),雖然這幾個(gè)猜詞題都有很好的上下文,也有比較明顯的“詞干”提示,但考試的結(jié)果,其難度系數(shù)(正確選擇率)卻分別是:0.23,0.64,0.24和0.13,猜詞成了大部分同學(xué)的“滑鐵盧”。
一、高考猜哪類詞
從近幾年高考試題來(lái)看,猜詞題既猜生詞生義,也猜熟詞生義;猜詞里既有單詞,又有短語(yǔ);詞類分布上,以實(shí)詞(名詞,動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞和代詞等)為主。
1.生詞生義
例一:Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(個(gè)性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”
What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
A. A natural ability to attract others.
B. A way to show one’s achievement.
C. Lieberman’s after-class interest.
D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.
答案A。charisma為非考綱詞匯表上單詞,其詞義與下文的“It’s about your personality(個(gè)性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有關(guān)。
例二:Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in the paragraph probably mean ________.
A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching
答案A。become/get hooked on sth為非考綱詞匯表上詞組,其詞義可以通過(guò)下文的… and changed his major from medicine to education.來(lái)獲得。